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The current study was conducted to determine the potential relationship between stress-induced corticosterone secretion and corticosteroid receptor mRNA levels after 5 days of intermittent stress. In particular, we were interested in the rate at which animals terminate a stress response, and how this termination may be altered by repeated stress. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either 5 days of restraint stress or 5 days of an unpredictable stress paradigm. Restraint-stress induced corticosterone secretion was measured on Days 1 and 5 in both groups, and animals were killed on Day 6. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid (MR) mRNA levels were determined using in-situ hybridization techniques. Five days of restraint stress caused an habituation of the plasma corticosterone response to stress measured 60 and 90 min post-stress initiation; this pattern of corticosterone secretion was not observed in the animals subjected to unpredictable stress. Five days of either stress paradigm did not alter MR mRNA levels measured within the hippocampus or GR mRNA levels within the hippocampus or the medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (mpPVN). However, an individual's GR mRNA levels measured within the CA1/2 region of the hippocampus and the mpPVN were significantly correlated with the degree of habituation of the corticosterone response to stress measured on Day 5. This suggests that an increase in the rate of termination of the stress response and levels of GR within the hippocampus and mpPVN may be functionally related. 相似文献
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DeMets DL 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(1):97-117
Ethical conduct is an essential component in research, especially in medical research. Statistical methods for design and
analysis are powerful research tools if used properly. Abuse of these principles and methods are just as unethical as other
laboratory or clinical misconduct. Inadequate research design can produce worthless results and thus wastes effort and valuable
resources. For clinical research, patient resources are wasted. Inappropriate analysis of data can also produce misleading
results and conclusions. For clinical research, inferior therapy might be given to patients as a consequence. These ethical
concerns can have implications for and affect the individuals responsible for the statistical design and analysis. Examples
are provided which illustrate some possible abuses and inappropriate pressures. 相似文献
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