Helper plus trainer: a two-phase program for the counselor

Helping is what it's all about. But if we recognize that one way to help is to train someone else to do a part of what we can do, we can assist that many more people with our limited resources. Thus, to be professionally adequate through all dimensions of the Cube requires the capacity to “train” as well as to “help.” Delworth and Moore have had extensive experience in both modes and have trained literally hundreds of paraprofessionals on a wide range of tasks. Their expertness shows through particularly in their recognition that training is not complete until the trainee has mastered the barrier of systems entry. Too many well-meaning and adequately skilled counselors have had their noses flattened because they did not have the “key” to the system. Too many well-meaning and adequately skilled counselors have remained in their offices because they lacked the ability to “multiply” their efforts through others. Here is a schematic to facilitate change in both kinds of counselors.     

Exclusive early mothering and its alternatives The Outcome to Adolescence

Abstract.— This investigation focuses on the later development, up to mid-adolescence, of boys and girls (separately) who had had either exclusive care by their mothers up to age 5 or daily substitute care ("diffused mothering") for a substantial proportion of their earlier lives. Findings from a longitudinal study are first presented in the following order. The outcome of the contrasting regimes, exclusive vs. diffused mothering, is reported for each sex at various ages from 6 to 17, and the validity of these findings is critically examined. The mothers' personalities and attitudes are then investigated as a possible co-determinant of the observed outcome. Developmental patterns of behaviour tendencies, intelligence and attainment are next traced to discover when intergroup differences first appeared. Lastly, conditions of substitute care are examined, and evidence from subsamples cited on the apparent effects of unstable regimes, age of commencement, and group vs. individual care. The findings under each heading are subsequently compared with those of other investigators, a theoretical interpretation offered, future research needs outlined, and provisional conclusions formulated.     

the cooling out of two-year college women

The author describes the concept of “cooling out” as developed by Burton Clark and examines its applicability to the experience of women in the two-year college. She looks at four cooling out agents: parents, uncontrollable circumstances, counselors, and the two-year college itself. The discussion is based on interviews with 62 women in three two-year colleges. The author concludes that cooling out as experienced by women is congruent with but not exactly like the process as described by Clark. Nevertheless, the importance of counseling to the cooling out function is reasserted.     

Career Information: A Critical Review

This article describes sources of occupational information available to the counselor in the field and indicates the advantages of each. The importance of career counseling in today's uncertain job market is discussed, especially the counselor's responsibility to discuss with the counselee the discrepancies between aspirations and aptitudes. Major schemes of classification in the world of work are identified: socioeconomic groups, interests, life span, and primary focus of activity and level of function. Each scheme is illustratively developed. Possible uses of the information derived from a counseling relationship are discussed. The request from the counselee for information is seen as the starting point of the counselor-counselee relationship, in which many problems can be worked through.     

The Personal and the (Inter-)Disciplinary: Reflections on Larry Kohlberg as my Mentor

Boyd, a philosopher, describes how he came to collaborate with the psychologist Kohlberg, whose theorizing framed problems at the interface between the two disciplines.