Suicide in the 1970s: A Second Look

ABSTRACT: The decade of the 70's has been reviewed with the document Suicide Prevention in the 70's serving as a guide. Twenty-one goals put forward in the report were reviewed in light of subsequent progress in the field. Although progress was noted on many fronts, four areas were outstanding in the sense that envisioned goals were met or exceeded. These involved the areas of promulgation of information about suicide, establishment of standards and certification procedures, development of regional organizations to forward training and program development, and education of the public to improve awareness of suicide as a public problem. This analysis also identified areas where little or no progress has been made. From this there developed four recommendations:

• 1 The funding and establishment of a national case file using a standard nomenclature and a standard data base to improve epidemiologic knowledge, and to provide pooled data appropriate for more sophisticated research analyses.
• 2 The establishment of a task force to study the application of program evaluation methods to suicide prevention efforts.
• 3 The development of new programs at local levels to try to reach known high-risk groups and to provide relevant programs of suicide prevention for them.
• 4 Making creative efforts toward elaboration of a comprehensive theory of life-threatening behavior and exploration of developmental correlates of such behavior.

     

Experience and expression of jealousy: comparison between friends and romantics

A survey was administered to assess the differences between friends and romantics regarding the experience and expression of jealousy. The first hypothesis predicted that the perceived appropriateness of the expression of jealousy would be greater in romantic relationships than in friendships. Therefore, the second hypothesis predicted that the expression of jealousy would be greater in romantic relationships than in friendships. Third, it was expected that the intensity of jealousy would be a stronger predictor of expression for romantics than for friends. The first two hypotheses were confirmed; however, the last hypothesis received only tenuous support. While t tests yielded no significant differences on the intensity of the experience of jealousy between friends and romantics, the difference on expression is explained in terms of social or normative influences.     

A model of three-choice discrimination learning under complete and incomplete feedback conditions

The Bower and Trabasso model of concept identification was extended to cover problems in which three stimuli were presented simultaneously and S pointed to the one he thought was correct. The E gave complete feedback by indicating the correct stimulus, or incomplete feedback by saying “correct” or “wrong.” The model accurately accounted for the significant difference in total errors between the two feedback conditions by incorporating process assumptions reflecting the logical difference in information content of the two types of feedback. Using a single set of parameter estimates, the model made satisfactory quantitative predictions of several statistics for both feedback conditions. Some deviations from the model's predictions were found in the length of terminal error runs, indicating that Ss were possibly using memory more extensively than posited by the model.     

Relational‐Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational,Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

Relational‐cultural theory (RCT) theorists advocate expanding the multicultural/social justice counseling competencies beyond the domains of self‐awareness, cultural knowledge, and culturally responsive helping skills. This article provides an overview of RCT and discusses how creating and participating in growth‐fostering relationships are essential dimensions of human development and psychological well‐being. Implications of this theoretical model for counseling practice are also addressed.     

The end of drugging children: toward the genealogy of the ADHD subject

This genealogy of the ADHD subject will demonstrate that over the course of the twentieth century a new relation between power, knowledge, the body, and ethical practices of self-formation emerged around the ADHD-type in ways that are not captured by the received critical perspective. By examining the history of knowledge and practices surrounding the ADHD-type, this work will argue that the deviant subject that was located relative to external institutional moral/juridical values or standards is replaced over the course of the century by a new intelligibility of rational self-management. A further analysis of this emergent intelligibility attempts to advance the critical understanding of the increasingly prevalent ADHD phenomenon by showing how novel drug and brain imaging technologies work to link behaviors to identity, establishing new relations of power to the subject not captured by the received medicalization perspective. This work will be of interest to anybody interested in the relations among knowledge, drugs, power, and the ADHD subject.     

What are the important visual features for coin discrimination?

Previous research has shown that memory for the surface detail of coins is poor. One explanation might be that gross features, such as size, colour and edging, are more important than surface detail when discriminating among coins and hence are more memorable. In a 2×4 within‐groups experiment, 33 participants visually identified coins in 128 coin pairs with surface detail present or obscured, and possibly one of three gross features also eliminated. While the presence of surface detail maintained very high accuracy, when only surface detail was eliminated and the other gross features were still present, participants' accuracy remained high. If surface detail and any gross feature were eliminated concomitantly, accuracy fell significantly. These findings indicate that both surface detail and gross features provide important information for coin discrimination in the real world, and that the gross features of a coin are not more important for visual discrimination than surface detail. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.