排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shionoya K Moriceau S Lunday L Miner C Roth TL Sullivan RM 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2006,13(6):801-808
Fetal and infant rats can learn to avoid odors paired with illness before development of brain areas supporting this learning in adults, suggesting an alternate learning circuit. Here we begin to document the transition from the infant to adult neural circuit underlying odor-malaise avoidance learning using LiCl (0.3 M; 1% of body weight, ip) and a 30-min peppermint-odor exposure. Conditioning groups included: Paired odor-LiCl, Paired odor-LiCl-Nursing, LiCl, and odor-saline. Results showed that Paired LiCl-odor conditioning induced a learned odor aversion in postnatal day (PN) 7, 12, and 23 pups. Odor-LiCl Paired Nursing induced a learned odor preference in PN7 and PN12 pups but blocked learning in PN23 pups. 14C 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography indicated enhanced olfactory bulb activity in PN7 and PN12 pups with odor preference and avoidance learning. The odor aversion in weanling aged (PN23) pups resulted in enhanced amygdala activity in Paired odor-LiCl pups, but not if they were nursing. Thus, the neural circuit supporting malaise-induced aversions changes over development, indicating that similar infant and adult-learned behaviors may have distinct neural circuits. 相似文献
2.
Siglen E Bjorvatn C Engebretsen LF Berglund G Natvig GK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):607-615
This study examines the association between Sense of Coherence and anxiety and depression amongst patients at risk of hereditary
cancer receiving genetic counseling. When writing this article, 144 patients referred for genetic counseling due to a suspicion
of hereditary cancer in the family were recruited for this multicentered longitudinal study on the psychosocial aspects of
genetic counseling in Norway. A total of 96 (66%) patients responded to the follow-up survey distributed 6 months after genetic
counseling. This survey included the Sense of Coherence-29 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale. Multiple regression analyses were applied. Our results show association between cancer-related distress and symptoms
of anxiety and depression. Sense of Coherence is significantly associated with both anxiety and depression. The hypothesis
of Sense of Coherence buffering cancer-related distress and the possible impact of these findings for genetic counseling are
discussed. 相似文献
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4.
Faraj A. Santirso Manuel Martín-Fernández Marisol Lila Enrique Gracia Elena Terreros 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(2):152-161
The working alliance is a key element to increase intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders’ motivation, adherence to treatment, and active participation in batterer intervention programs (BIPs). The objective of the present study is to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory–Observer Short Version (WAI-O-S) with a sample of IPV offenders. The sample was 140 men convicted for IPV and court-mandated to a community-based BIP. Inter-rater agreement and reliability were evaluated by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient. To test the latent structure a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis approach was used. To test criterion-related validity, the WAI-O-S factorial scores were correlated to protherapeutic behavior, stage of change and motivation to change. The WAI-O-S showed an adequate reliability. Results from Bayesian confirmatory factor analyses showed two first-order factors (Bond and Agreement), and a second-order factor (General working alliance) explaining the relationship between the first-order factors. Results also support the validity of this instrument. The availability of reliable and valid observational measure of the working alliance provides a useful tool to overcome self-report measurement limitations such as social desirability, deception, and denial among IPV offenders. 相似文献
5.
Carlsson AH Bjorvatn C Engebretsen LF Berglund G Natvig GK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2004,13(5):425-445
The aim of this multicenter study was to explore associations between psychosocial factors (general self-efficacy, perceived availability of social support, cancer-related distress) and health-related quality of life, among individuals at risk for hereditary cancer. One-hundred and twenty one participants with a family history of breast-cancer or colorectal cancer answered a questionnaire 2-4 weeks prior to genetic counseling. The two dimensions of the health-related quality of life measure, mental and physical health were both used as outcome variables. Multiple regression (linear) analyses revealed that increasing degrees of cancer-related distress was related to decreasing degrees of mental health whereas increasing degrees of self-efficacy and social support were related to increasing degrees of this outcome variable. Self-efficacy, self-esteem support and tangible aid seemed to moderate the relationship between cancer-related distress and mental health. These results suggest that self-efficacy and certain resources of social support buffer the negative association between cancer-related distress and mental health, and might be suitable for interventional efforts. Implications for genetic counseling practice are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Ronald M. Rapee Therese Shaw Caroline Hunt Kay Bussey Jennifer L. Hudson Cathrine Mihalopoulos Clare Roberts Sally Fitzpatrick Naomi Radom Tommy Cordin Melanie Epstein Donna Cross 《Aggressive behavior》2020,46(3):193-209
Despite the extensive evaluation of school-based interventions for bullying, victimization remains a significant problem in schools. Bullying victimization is significantly predicted by contextual (school-related) factors. As a consequence whole-school programs have been commonly used to prevent and reduce bullying victimization. Evidence also points to individual risk factors (such as emotional distress) in predicting victimization, yet programs to prevent bullying victimization by changing these individual risks are far less developed. Few studies have approximated “real-world” implementation conditions in their trials. The current effectiveness trial evaluated the combination of a whole-school program designed to prevent bullying perpetration and victimization together with a targeted intervention for at-risk students, teaching them individual and dyadic strategies to reduce their anxiety and manage victimization, allowing schools some latitude to implement programs as they typically would. Students from Grades 3 and 4 (N = 8,732) across 135 schools were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: combined intervention; whole-school intervention only; individual intervention only; and care as usual. Victimization decreased significantly and similarly across all four conditions at 12 and 24 months following baseline. Similar reductions and failure to discriminate conditions were found on other key constructs: anxiety; bullying perpetration; and depression. Possible reasons for the failure to demonstrate victimization prevention differences and lessons learned from this large, effectiveness trial are considered. 相似文献
7.
Bjorvatn C Eide GE Hanestad BR Øyen N Havik OE Carlsson A Berglund G 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(2):211-222
In this multi center study, genetic counseling for hereditary cancer was evaluated by assessing patients’ worry, perceived
risk of developing cancer and satisfaction with genetic counseling. An overall aim was to identify characteristics of vulnerable
patients in order to customize genetic counseling. In addition, agreement between patients’ and counselors’ scores was measured.
A total of 275 Norwegian patients were consecutively recruited, and 213 completed questionnaires before and after genetic
counseling. Patients’ perceived risk decreased after the genetic counseling session. There was incongruence between risk perception
expressed as a percentage and in words. Patients were significantly less worried after counseling. Higher levels of worry
were predicted by low instrumental satisfaction with counseling, high degree of perceived risk of developing cancer and younger
age. In conclusion, counselors met the patients’ psychological needs to a satisfactory degree during counseling. However, patients did not fully
understand their risk of developing cancer. 相似文献
8.
Postphenomenology: Learning Cultural Perception in Science 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cathrine Hasse 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):43-61
In this article I propose that a postphenomenological approach to science and technology can open new analytical understandings
of how material artifacts, embodiment and social agency co-produce learned perceptions of objects. In particle physics, physicists
work in huge groups of scientists from many cultural backgrounds. Communication to some extent depends on material hermeneutics
of flowcharts, models and other visual presentations. As it appears in an examination of physicists’ scrutiny of visual renderings
of different parts of a detector, perceptions vary in relation to social and bodily experiences. Vision in physics has seemingly
allowed an objective perception at a convenient distance of the body. This article challenges this view and proposes that
the variations can be analysed as cultural at two echelons with the help of a postphenomenological approach combined with
cultural psychological theory of artifacts. A third echelon presumably constitutes the phenomenological limit to culture in
science. Even this last resort of subjectivity can be embraced by a postphenomenological approach. The process of culturalization
in physics can be defined as a process of situating knowledge in a body whose continuous learning of micro-and macro perceptions
makes scientific renderings unstable. Taken together postphenomenology, following the distinctions between body one and body
two, and combined with cultural psychological learning theory, enables new insight into what constitutes culture in science.
相似文献
Cathrine HasseEmail: |
9.
Hegelund Emilie Rune Folker Anna Paldam Wimmelmann Cathrine Lawaetz Just-Østergaard Emilie Mortensen Erik Lykke Flensborg-Madsen Trine 《Applied research in quality of life》2020,15(4):937-951
Applied Research in Quality of Life - During the last decades, an important line of public health research has focused on the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP) on the quality of life (QoL)... 相似文献
10.
Since Long QT syndrome and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are inherited cardiac disorders that may cause syncope, palpitations,
serious arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, at-risk individuals may experience heart-focused anxiety. In a prospective
multi-site study, 126 Norwegian patients attending genetic counseling were followed 1 year with multiple administration of
questionnaires, including the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, measuring three distinct symptoms of heart-focused anxiety- avoidance, attention, and fear—in mixed linear analyses. Overall, at 1-year follow-up, patients with clinical diagnosis as compared to patients at genetic
risk had significantly higher scores of avoidance (p < .002), attention (p < .005), and fear (p < .007). Sudden cardiac death in close relatives, uncertainty whether other relatives previously had undergone genetic testing,
patients’ perceived general health, self-efficacy expectations and procedural satisfaction with genetic counseling were influential
in predicting the different symptoms of heart-focused anxiety over time. 相似文献