排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Despite a general consensus in the United States that overtly racist acts are unacceptable, many ambiguous situations in everyday life raise questions of whether racism has influenced a person's behavior in an interracial encounter. The authors of the present study sought to (a) examine simultaneously an array of variables thought to be related to perceived racism and (b) investigate how the contribution of these variables may differ with respect to the asymmetry hypothesis, which suggests that acts of discrimination from a dominant person toward a subordinate person will be viewed as more biased than if the situation were reversed. The authors used a dual structural equation modeling approach. Results indicated that ethnic identity significantly predicted perceived racism. In addition, the extent to which cognitive interpretation style significantly predicted perceived racism depended on the ethnicity of participants involved in the interaction. 相似文献
2.
Lack of conceptual clarity has hampered theory formation and research on superstitious, magical, and paranormal beliefs. This study offers a conceptual framework where these concepts are differentiated from other unfounded beliefs and defined identically as a confusion of core knowledge about physical, psychological, and biological phenomena. When testing this definition with questionnaire items (N = 239), the results showed that superstitious individuals accepted more violations of core ontological distinctions than skeptics did and that ontological confusions discriminated believers from skeptics better than intuitive thinking, analytical thinking, or emotional instability. The findings justify the present conceptualization of superstitious, magical, and paranormal beliefs, and offer new theoretical propositions for the familiar everyday beliefs that are yet scientifically so poorly understood. 相似文献
3.
Ross Divers Lillian Ham Anastasia Matchanova Katherine Hackett Rachel Mis Kia Howard 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2021,28(2):308-326
ABSTRACT Mild functional difficulties associated with cognitive aging may be reliably measured by coding “micro-errors” during everyday tasks, like meal preparation. Micro-errors made by 25 older adult and 48 younger adults were coded on four dimensions to evaluate the influence of: 1) poor error monitoring; 2) goal decay; 3) competition for response selection when switching to a new subtask; and 4) interference from distractor objects. Micro-errors made by young adults under a dual task load also were analyzed to determine the influence of overall performance level. Older adults’ micro-errors were observed when switching to a new subtask and to unrelated distractors. Slowed error monitoring and goal decay also influenced micro-errors in older adults, but not significantly more so than younger adults under the dual task. Interventions to reduce interference from distractors and to increase attention at critical choice points during tasks may optimize everyday functioning and preclude decline in older adults. 相似文献
4.
Using a sample of 332 job applicants in Iran, this study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and signaling theory to explain factors influencing applicants' behavioral intentions to apply for jobs online. Of the two main constructs of TAM, perceived usefulness was found to have a significant impact on applicants' behavioral intentions, while perceived ease of use was not. Based on the signaling theory, impression of the organizational website appeared to create interests in organization as a potential employer; hence, prompt applicants to apply for jobs. These results extend our understanding of the online recruitment in different context and provide further insights with regard to possible effects of website features on applicants' attractions toward organizations operating in Iran. 相似文献
5.
Bret A. Boyer Susan J. Matour Kia B. Crittenden Kimberly A. Larson Jennifer Mayer Cox Darlene D. Link 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(2):173-185
Depression and posttraumatic stress (PTS) have been linked to medical/psychological outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This study assessed pre-surgical trauma history, PTS, and depression; and peri-surgical appraisals of fear, helplessness, and perceived life-threat among 110 patients. All CABGs were emergent, rather than elective, surgeries. In hierarchical multiple regressions, total severity score for pre-surgical PTS predicted fear regarding the cardiac event and the CABG, and perceived life-threat regarding the cardiac event and the CABG. Pre-surgical depression predicted perceived helplessness regarding the cardiac event and the CABG, and contributed to prediction of perceived life-threat. Trauma history contributed to prediction of fear and perceived helplessness regarding surgery (but not regarding the cardiac event necessitating surgery). When posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis (PTSD) was entered, rather than total severity of PTS, PTSD did not predict any appraisals, and depression showed stronger prediction of fear, helplessness, and perceived life-threat than did PTSD. 相似文献
6.
Photography and Social Media Use in Community‐Based Participatory Research with Youth: Ethical Considerations 下载免费PDF全文
Maryam Kia‐Keating Diana Santacrose Sabrina Liu 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(3-4):375-384
Community‐based participatory researchers increasingly incorporate photography and social media into their work. Despite its relative infancy, social media has created a powerful network that allows individuals to convey messages quickly to a widespread audience. In addition to its potential benefits, the use of social media in research also carries risk, given the fast pace of exchanges, sharing of personal images and ideas in high accessibility, low privacy contexts and continually shifting options and upgrades. This article contributes to the literature examining ethical considerations for photography and social media use in community‐based participatory research. We describe three key ethical dilemmas that we encountered during our participatory photography project with Latina/o youth: (a) use and content of images and risk; (b) incentives and coercion; and (c) social media activity and confidentiality. We provide our responses to these challenges, contextualized in theory and practice, and share lessons learned. We raise the question of how to contend with cultural shifts in boundaries and privacy. We propose that evaluating participant vulnerability versus potential empowerment may be more fitting than the standard approach of assessing risks and benefits. Finally, we recommend upholding the principles of participatory research by co‐producing ethical practices with one's participants. 相似文献
7.
Kia K. Åsberg Jennifer J. Vogel Clint A. Bowers 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):486-499
Parenting stress has been linked to negative outcomes for both parents and children, including poor attachment, behavior problems,
less positive parent–child interactions, and marital dissatisfaction. Given that parents of special needs children often experience
excess stress, they may be susceptible to negative outcomes, thus investigations of protective factors are needed. We explored
relationships among parenting stress, social support, mode of communication, and child cochlear implant status in parents
rearing a deaf child or child with hearing loss. Findings of our exploratory study indicated that parents of children who
use sign language only reported more support, while parents of children who use total communication exhibited less self-reported
stress. Also, parents with children who use implants did not differ on any of the measures compared to parents of children
without implants. Additional findings suggested that higher levels of perceived social support corresponded with lower stress
among parents, however, receipt of supportive behaviors did not correlate significantly with parenting stress. In an overall
model, perceived social support and mode of communication were significant predictors of parenting stress. Finally, enacted
support predicted significantly life satisfaction in parents. Implications and limitations, as well as suggestions for future
research, will also be offered. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Walden TA Frankel CB Buhr AP Johnson KN Conture EG Karrass JM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(4):633-644
This study assessed emotional and speech-language contributions to childhood stuttering. A dual diathesis-stressor framework
guided this study, in which both linguistic requirements and skills, and emotion and its regulation, are hypothesized to contribute
to stuttering. The language diathesis consists of expressive and receptive language skills. The emotion diathesis consists
of proclivities to emotional reactivity and regulation of emotion, and the emotion stressor consists of experimentally manipulated
emotional inductions prior to narrative speaking tasks. Preschool-age children who do and do not stutter were exposed to three
emotion-producing overheard conversations—neutral, positive, and angry. Emotion and emotion-regulatory behaviors were coded
while participants listened to each conversation and while telling a story after each overheard conversation. Instances of
stuttering during each story were counted. Although there was no main effect of conversation type, results indicated that
stuttering in preschool-age children is influenced by emotion and language diatheses, as well as coping strategies and situational
emotional stressors. Findings support the dual diathesis-stressor model of stuttering. 相似文献