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Matthew G. Hile Donna M. Campbell Bagher B. Ghobary Marcie N. Desrochers 《Behavior research methods》1993,25(2):195-198
The development of expert and decision support systems requires the collection, organization, codification, and storage of a body of specialized knowledge. The development, using reconstructive methods, of two such knowledge bases, the first containing the current scientific literature and the second containing an expert’s knowledge, is described for an automated decision support system, the Mental Retardation-Expert. This system provides practitioners with assistance in the treatment of aggressive, self-injurious, and destructive behaviors displayed by individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities. The average interobserver reliability of the expert knowledge base ranged from 92.5% to 95.0% when calculated across four clinicians’ assessments of 31 abstracted cases. 相似文献
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During recent decades, new assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have improved significantly, but their ethical, social,
psychological, religious and legal aspects are blurred and need further research. New techniques using donor sperm or egg
allow for third party involvement in the procreation process, which has created new hope for infertile couples. The corresponding
clinical applications also raise new religious questions, which require appropriate interpretation in order to make their
use possible, particularly in religious communities. In this paper, we discuss the most important ethical issues and the Islamic
view of third party reproduction. Likewise, the current method of third party reproduction in Iran will be described, and
the advantages and disadvantages of the Act of Embryo Donation to Infertile Spouses will be stated. Consideration of this outlook could generate inspiration in many Islamic countries. 相似文献
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This paper reviews medical psychology in Iran and describes the two major professional associations representing the profession. The unique role of religion in Iran is stressed, and limitations of the current health care system are described. The paper also addresses human resource issues and the educational requirements for the practice of psychology in Iran. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present report is to study the efficacy of a Dohsahou, a Japanese Psychorehabilitation method, in a treatment of major depression in three men (M age = 20 yr.), selected randomly for treatment. Initially, participants' baseline condition was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Family Assessment of Depression Questionnaire. Each subject had 12 sessions of 45 min. training over 4 wk. Postassessment and follow-up assessment were done. Findings for pre- and posttreatment test data indicated depression was reduced, being mainly evident in cognitive, somatic, and affective symptoms related to lower depression. 相似文献
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The Mental Retardation-Expert (MR-E) is an electronic performance support system for clinicians who work with mentally retarded persons who have behavioral disorders. It provides treatment planning assistance when needed. This study compares MR-E’s advice with that offered by human experts. It assesses the impact of the system on clinicians from various areas. The results support MR-E’s validity and its ability to help clinicians function as experts. They high-light potential benefits for psychologists in using performance support systems. 相似文献
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Attachment to God has received theoretical and theological warrant for its applicability to Christian and Muslim populations. However, existing measures of attachment to God have been developed within Christian contexts and do not necessarily constitute the best instruments for measuring attachment to God amongst Muslims. This paper addresses the lack of a religiously sensitive measure of attachment to God amongst Muslims by describing the development of the Muslim Spiritual Attachment Scale (M-SAS), the psychometric properties of the M-SAS, and its use in an Australian study of psychological health amongst Muslims. Implications for understanding Muslim attachment styles, and for future research into attachment to God amongst Christian and Muslim populations using culturally sensitive measures are discussed. 相似文献
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Madani Mansure Vedadhir AbouAli Larijani Bagher Khazaei Zahra Gharamaleki Ahad Faramarz 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(4):2255-2275
Science and Engineering Ethics - Physicians try hard to alleviate mental and physical ailments of their patients. Thus, they are heavily burdened by observing ethics and staying well-informed while... 相似文献
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Akrami SM Montazeri V Shomali SR Heshmat R Larijani B 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(1):82-86
Consanguineous marriage is a common practice in Iran. The present study surveyed the trend in consanguineous marriage across
three generations of Iranians. Index cases, consisting of 400 individuals attending the diabetes and osteoporosis clinic in
Shariati Hospital, were interviewed. Data on consanguinity status for 1789 marriages within the index cases’ families were
obtained. Generation 1 consisted of marriages contracted before 1948, Generation 2 consisted of marriages contracted between 1949 and 1978, and Generation 3 consisted of marriages contracted after 1979. Prevalence of consanguineous marriage within these three generations was 8.8%,
16.6% and 19%, respectively, and represented a significant trend (p < 0.001). First cousin marriage was the most common type of consanguinity (69%). Socioeconomic level of families was not
significantly related to having a consanguineous marriage. These data suggest that premarital genetic counseling and mass
media efforts are needed to increase public awareness about genetic risks associated with consanguineous marriage. 相似文献
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