大鼠作业成绩与脑内亮氨酸脑啡肽含量变化的相关性研究

本工作采用穿梭式电击回避反应法和脑啡肽的放射免疫测定法,分析比较了大鼠作业成绩与脑内壳氨酸脑啡肽(Leu-enkephalin,LEK)含量的关系,在本实验条件下,观察到作业成绩不良组纹状体内LEK含量显著高于成绩优良组和对照组,并由实验证明,它们之间的差异不是由于在实验中接受电击的次数或电击总量不同造成的。这一结果提示,内源性亮氨酸脑啡肽可能参与记忆获得的调制。     

韦氏成人智力量表中国修订本与原量表(WAIS和WAIS-R)因素分析的比较研究

本文用主成分分析法对韦氏成人智力量表中国修订本(WAIS-RC)的城市与农村两个常模以及WAIS和WAIS-R进行因素分析,发现这三套测验都负荷较高的g因子;常识,领悟,相似性和词汇测验负荷较高的A(言语理解)因子,填图,木块图,图片排列和物体拼凑测验负荷较高的B(知觉组织)因子,而数字广度,算术和数字符号测验负荷较高的C(记忆/集中注意)因子。因子模型是极相似的,这说明WAIS-RC具有较好的结构效度,保持了原量表的功能。同时,所建立的因子模型也为使用者在使用测验和分析解释结果时提供了有用的参考资料。     

韦氏儿童智力量表中国修订本(WISC-CR)的因素分析

本研究用主成分分析和α因素分析两种方法对韦氏儿童智力量表中国修订本(WISC-CR)以及原量表WISC-R常模进行因素分析,并采用斜交旋转对初始因子矩阵进行转轴处理。结果表明:三因子模型比较符合WISC-CR的结构。常识、类同、词汇和理解四个分测验主要负荷言语理解因子;填图、图片排列、积木、拼图和迷津五个分测验主负荷知觉组织因子;而算术、背数和译码三个分测验主要负荷记忆/不分心因子。WISC-CR与WISC-R各分测验所负荷的各种因子一致性。83-.971,说明WISC-CR保持了原量表的功能,具有较好的结构效度。     

Mourning the divorce: A project in Marin County,California

A brief counseling program is described for divorcing parents and their offspring living in Marin County, California, where the divorce rate is perhaps the highest in the United States. Counseling was based on the notion that marital disruption produces a mourning which needs to be treated.This report was prepared by the American Institutes for Research on a contract from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children, Youth and Families. Jane Palches Kraft, M.S.W., was director of the project. Reprint requests should be directed to this journal's editor at Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912. Reprinted with permission.     

The American Psychological Association's response to Brown v. Board of Education. The case of Kenneth B. Clark

In 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision (1896) that was the foundation of school segregation in 17 states and the District of Columbia. Brown is arguably the most important Supreme Court decision of the 20th century in terms of its influence on American history. Moreover, it has a special significance for psychology because it marked the first time that psychological research was cited in a Supreme Court decision and because social science data were seen as paramount in the Court's decision to end school segregation. This article describes psychologist Kenneth B. Clark's role in that case and the response of the American Psychological Association to scientific psychology's moment in a great spotlight.     

人口逆淘汰及其预防

对人口逆淘汰必须全面、动态地加以认识.必须阻止人口逆淘汰,提高人口质量,变"人口"为"人力".教育是关键措施,医疗卫生和环境改善十分重要,但决不能鼓励高学历人口多生育而限制农村人口的出生.