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Matthew H. Wilder Matt Jones Alaa A. Ahmed Tim Curran Michael C. Mozer 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2013,20(6):1221-1231
As we perform daily activities—driving to work, unlocking the office door, or grabbing a coffee cup—our actions seem automatic and preprogrammed. Nonetheless, routine, well-practiced behavior is continually modulated by incidental experience: In repetitive experimental tasks, recent (~4) trials reliably influence performance and action choice. Psychological theories downplay the significance of sequential effects, explaining them as rapidly decaying perturbations of behavior, with no long-term consequences. We challenged this traditional perspective in two experiments designed to probe the impact of more distant experience, finding evidence for effects spanning up to a thousand intermediate trials. We present a normative theory in which these persistent effects reflect optimal adaptation to a dynamic environment exhibiting varying rates of change. The theory predicts a heavy-tailed decaying influence of past experience, consistent with our data, and suggests that individual incidental experiences are catalogued in a temporally extended memory utilized in order to optimize subsequent behavior. 相似文献
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This study investigated whether therapist–rater religious match predicts better therapist ratings. Christian and Muslim Lebanese students (N = 187) were randomized into 3 conditions. A written vignette of the therapist was constant across conditions, but her picture was manipulated to include a veil, a cross pendant, or neither. Participants filled out a therapist rating form afterward. There were no significant differences in overall therapist ratings between groups. 相似文献
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