朱熹理学视域中的“乾坤”

朱熹在继承前贤学说的基础上,在其理学视域中对乾坤二卦的意蕴提出了深辟的见解。他指出,乾坤乃是健顺之理,此健顺之理既是天道运行的基本品格,也是人物所本具之性,健顺之道通贯天人。从天人宇宙生化消息的理气关系着眼,朱熹认为"元亨利贞"是理气运化的具体展现,是"一个道理之大纲目",元亨利贞呈现之理即是宇宙生生不息的生理。在他看来,"元亨利贞"的义理关系与《太极图》完全一致,既是在表达一种宇宙本体论,也是在表达一种性情论。以朱熹之见,乾坤健顺之道落实于人生界具有功夫论的意义,是成就人生德业的基本修养途径,既强调刚健进取,又注重虚顺守敬,内外两进。朱熹对健顺之性和健顺功夫的体认最终都被写进《四书章句集注》之中,成为其理学思想的重要内容。     

荀子性恶论的多维解读

在传统思想研究中,苟子是以性恶论而与孟子、老庄一同构成了中国古典人性论。其实,深入阅读苟子读本,笔者发现荀子对人性的评判较为复杂。传统性恶论远不能揭示荀子人性论思想的丰富性和多元性。笔者现从苟子之“性”的中性色彩、苟子之“恶”的真实解释、苟子人性论中的向善和知善、人和环境的互动四个层面予以展开论述。     

SCIENCE AND CONFUCIANISM IN RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

In contrast to Western science and religion, a topic which has been studied very much since the twentieth century, less research has been done on science and Confucianism. By way of a comparative viewpoint within the history of science, this article will deal with some aspects of science and Confucianism in retrospect, for instance, the Confucian origin of the idea of tian yuan di fang 天圓地方, the natural philosophy of qi, and the wu xing li tian zhi qi 五行沴天之氣 bringing abnormal astrological phenomena and reflecting a negative Confucian relation between politics, ethics, and nature. In the late Ming, Xiong Mingyu found that abnormal astrological phenomena, as atmospheric events, happened in the sublunar region rather than in the stars, and in the present time we can reinterpret the crisis of air pollution or global climate change as reflecting a negative Confucian relation between politics, ethics, and nature and as a warning of collective misbehavior in our use of modern scientific technologies.     

China and the Problem of Human Rights: Ancient Verities and Modern Realities

The six sections of the essay discuss recurrent issues relative to the modern advocacy of human rights and the vicissitudes of the Chinese response—universal standards versus cultural and historical particularity, individualism versus community, traditional Confucian ethics versus Western modernism, nativism versus foreign influence, the stability of the social order versus individual well-being, and the possibility of developing a view of rights a part of which is drawn from the Chinese philosophical tradition. The concluding segment examines historical conditions of law and religion and their relevance for contemporary discussion on human rights. By looking closely at selected classical texts and events, the essay offers both a sustained critique of Confucianism in its traditional formulation and a suggested attempt to re-interpret aspects of the tradition for the current situation.     

《易纬》爻辰说之三组变例探究

<易纬·乾凿度>以易与历相结合,以<周易>六十四卦两卦一组主岁,而构造出独具特色的爻辰说体系,在这其中又涉及<乾><坤>、<泰><否>和<中孚><小过>三组变例问题.对此问题,自明季以来虽论之者甚众,然犹有可商榷之处.     

论儒家伦理道德的普遍性与特殊性——以北宋理学家吕大临的思想的个案分析为例

本文试图以北宋理学家吕大临的思想的个案分析为例,探讨儒家伦理道德的普遍性与特殊性。文章通过对吕大临思想中的“性”、“仁”、“理义”、“天理”、“时中”等观念的解析,讨论了吕大临对儒家“道德法则”的普遍性和特殊性的看法以及他在处理两者之间关系方面的观点。     

《周易注疏》版本流变及阮刻《周易正义》补议

《周易》的注、疏合刻始于南宋茶盐司八行本,自此以后,又有十行本。阮元的《重刊十三经注疏》即是以十行本为依据。十行本为元刻明修本,这一点已为学者所指出。然而,不同的十行本,其先后传承仍然是需要辨明的。阮元所依据的十行本,乃是十行本中错讹最多的一个本子。由此我们审视阮元的重刻,其主要失误在于选择底本的错误而非刊刻工作本身。同时,由《周易正义》的情况来看,十行本与闽、监、毛本的关系亦并非仅仅是前贤所认为的递相传承。闽本实际出自元刻九行本,且此元刻九行本反倒是十行本明代补版所从出。在《周易注疏》的众版本中,武英殿本及四库本较易被忽略,然而这个版本从分卷到校勘却是比较有特色的。     

《缪和》《昭力》与孔子易教

马王堆帛书《缪和》《昭力》中的子即是孔子,其中蕴涵着大量孔子易教思想,这些思想可以和其他古籍中所见孔子思想相互印证而又富新意。孔子晚而好《易》,不仅出于个人宗教情感之需要,更主要的是他对易之教化作用的阐扬。挖掘这两篇中的孔子易教思想不仅可以推动帛书《易传》的进一步研究,更可以深化对孔子思想的认识。