Effects of contingencies of self‐worth and sensitivity to indebtedness on optimistic bias in seeking help for depression

The occurrence of the optimistic bias in seeking help for depressive symptoms has been attributed to the threat‐to‐self and equity theories. The current study tested the hierarchical relationships between contingencies of self‐worth (CSW), self‐esteem (SE), sensitivity to indebtedness (SI), and optimistic bias in seeking formal/informal help for depression. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with Japanese university students (n = 1000). Results from structural equation modeling analysis revealed the mediating effect of CSW on SE and optimistic bias. SI was positively related to optimistic bias in symptom recognition and informal help‐seeking. The results suggest that both CSW and SI are responsible for the occurrence of optimistic bias in seeking help for depression. Cognitive patterns in recognizing personal and others' depressive symptoms and needs for seeking help were discussed.     

Reply to Pippin

I argue that in his response to me Robert Pippin misrepresents my view of akrasia (partially because of what looks like his strong disbelief in the existence of akrasia) as well as expresses a false view of the way a generalizing moral theory is supposed to apply to specific cases. The last issue is related to particularism, which I turn to discuss, arguing that one familiar way in which it seems attractive is a misleading one.     

Self-Perceptions of Comparative Power and Worth in Three Generational Families

This study focused on the extent to which self-perceptions of power and worth differed across members of three-generational families as they compared themselves with other family members. It was hypothesized that self evaluations of worth would show more stability than self evaluations of power in such comparisons. There was support for this hypothesis. Differences regarding self evaluations of power according to gender and generation were also examined. The rank order, from lowest to highest, of perceived comparative power was: female adolescent grandchildren, grandmothers, mothers, male adolescent grandchildren, grandfathers, and fathers. Implications of findings for family therapists are described.     

青少年学生自我价值感全国常模的制定

自我价值感是个体自我中对人的认知、情绪和行为具有弥漫性影响的一个重要方面 ,也是影响人的心理健康水平的重要方面。本文的目的是使用自编的青少年自我价值感量表建立青少年学生自我价值感(SW )全国常模。对在全国各省市分层随机抽取的 34715大中学生测量结果的方差分析表明 ,在大部分自我价值感维度上 ,存在显著的年级差异和性别×年级交互作用效应。据此给出了男女学生的自我价值感年级常模 ,并进行了常模等级分转换。文中还讨论了青少年学生自我价值感特点。     

Strengthening Resilience in a Risky World: It's All About Relationships

SUMMARY

Building on Judith Jordan's earlier work on relational resilience, this paper challenges the commonly held view that resilience is a unique form of individual “toughness” endowed to a lucky few and suggests that resilience can be strengthened in all people through participation in growth-fostering relationships. The author reviews the research describing individual, internal characteristics associated with resilience and explores the relational aspects of these characteristics. A case example illustrates that efforts promoting relational development help people grow through and beyond experiences of hardship and adversity. In addition, the author proposes specific ways resilience can be strengthened through engagement in relationships that enhance one's intellectual development, sense of worth, sense of competence, sense of empowerment, and, most importantly, sense of connection.     

中学生身体自我满意度与自我价值感的相关研究

对228名中学生进行身体自我和自我价值感量表的测试结果表明：整体上中学生身体自我满意度与其自我价值感有显著的相关;各维度除身体的负面特征外,与自我价值感得分均有极显著的正相关,各自的重要性分别是运动特征、相貌、性特征和身材;高、低自我价值感的中学生的身体自我满意度有极显著差异,身体满意度越高则学生的自我价值感也越高。讨论主要分析了中国文化背景下的特异性,身体自我对自我价值感影响的作用机制及其研究前景。     

积极心理学研究综述--心理学研究的一个新思潮

积极心理学(Positive Psychology)是美国心理学界兴起的一个新的研究领域,现在受到越来越多的研究者的关注。本文介绍了积极心理学的产生背景,基本内容,价值与意义,并在此基础上指出了今后的研究任务。     

Worthy Actions

Concrete worthy actions have not been aterminus of discernment for moral theory in theway that they often are for the deliberatingmoral agent. Some ordinary hallmarks of worthyactions challenge the unworldly and impersonalways of envisioning life that dominatephilosophical ethics. I discuss six: a worthyaction (1) improves the world in moralperspective, (2) discloses the agent's power,(3) is personally rewarding, (4) unites virtue,justice, and happiness, (5) is a prime objectof moral choice, and (6) belongs to a practicalgenre (such as work or love). Appreciatingworthy actions leads to a less abstract andconformist view of ethical standards and moreattention to individual portfolio-buildingaccording to diverse practical opportunities.     

More on the Motive of Duty

A number of neo-Kantians have suggested that an act may be morally worthy even if sympathy and similar emotions are present, so long as they are not what in fact motivates right action–so long as duty, and duty alone, in fact motivates. Thus, the ideal Kantian moral agent need not be a cold and unfeeling person, as some critics have suggested. Two objections to this view need to be answered. First, some maintain that motives cannot be present without in fact motivating. Such non-motivating reasons, it is claimed, are incoherent. Second, if such motives are not in fact motivating, then nonetheless the moral agent's performance of right action will be objectionably cold and unfeeling. While the first objection is not compelling, since the alternative according to which all motives in fact motivate but differ in strength suffers from the very same problems attributed to the neo-Kantian view, the second has force, and any account of moral worth must make room for motives such as sympathy actually motivating right action.