新时代农村公共卫生政策的量化分析研究

基于“供给−需求−环境”分析模型,对中国2013年～2022年出台的242份农村公共卫生政策文件进行量化分析后发现,地区差异明显,东部、中部地区较东北部、西部地区的相关政策更多;从模型看制定供给端政策最多,需求端次之,环境端最少。从公共伦理学视角进行原因分析,提出农村公共卫生政策的公平正义有待提高、农村居民的公共利益应得到更充分维护、政策制定要符合中国式现代化可持续发展要求等政策建议,以不断完善我国农村公共卫生政策、推进农村公共卫生事业发展。

     

新中国成立以来现代针灸学发展的三个阶段——兼论朱琏事件的历史影响与启示

伴随着中医政策的调整,以朱琏创建的“新针灸学”为代表的现代针灸学经历了三个不同的历史阶段：第一个阶段（1949年～1955年）：现代针灸学获得了快速发展,强调中医科学化,现代针灸学成为针灸学的主流;第二个阶段（1956年～1989年）：现代针灸学被长期边缘化,针灸学复归清朝之前的基本体系,传统针灸成为了针灸学的主流,并延续至今;第三个阶段（1990年～至今）：现代针灸学再度受到关注,学术界认识到针灸科学化、现代化是未来的发展方向。需要认真研究制定既有利于传承又有利于创新的中医政策,避免政策的重大摇摆。

     

我国公立医疗机构转型政策量化分析

分析我国城市一二级公立医院转型为康复医院、老年护理院等接续性医疗机构政策的内外部特征,为后续政策的制定与完善提供参考。通过构建政策工具、政策利益相关者、政策力度三维政策分析框架,对相关政策进行多维分类分析。得出相关政策发文量呈波动增长趋势;环境型政策工具使用过溢,供给型政策工具内部结构配置失衡,需求型政策工具应用匮乏;对不同政策利益相关方的关注度存在差异;政策顶层设计欠缺,整体政策效力不高。建议优化政策工具使用,平衡各利益相关方需求,完善政策体系内容。

     

急诊护理人员遭受医院场所暴力探讨

医院暴力事件愈演愈烈,严重威胁到医务工作者的安全与健康,成为医疗卫生领域的国际关注点。我国急诊科护士的医院场所暴力发生率高,尤其以心理暴力最为普遍。通过明确医院场所暴力的深刻内涵,论述了国内外急诊护理人员工作场所暴力的发展现状及特点,以及阐述广大急诊护理工作者对医院场所暴力的认知与需求。结合国内外先进经验,探究出系统、有效的暴力应对策略,以期减少医院场所暴力伤害,为相关部门制定保护措施提供参考。     

加强政策协同促进中国创新型药企国际化发展

中国创新型药企快速追赶国际领先企业,处于高投入低产出的成长阶段,国际化之路遭遇各种坎坷。国内创新呈现出快速跟进特点,研发热点过于集中,存在高水平重复现象,加之创新药的医保谈判采用低定价策略,可能使创新型药企难以在合理的时间段内收回研发投入,后续研发难以为继。未来,应当差异化地鼓励原始创新和一般创新,建议改进国家基本医保对创新药的支付机制,减免税收、申请费等以降低研发成本,在实施数据保护和市场独占制度提高获利预期方面形成政策协同,助推中国企业国际化。

     

国内外预立医疗照护计划社会经济效益的探讨

从卫生经济学视角,探讨预立医疗照护计划的社会经济效益。通过分析预立医疗照护计划的卫生经济政策、经济分析模式及社会经济效益评价研究等发现,预立医疗照护计划具有较明显的社会经济效益。借鉴国外经验和结合我国文化背景提出预立医疗照护计划在我国发展的对策和建议,包括建立相关政策突破发展障碍;构建激励制度,加强人才培养以支撑预立医疗照护计划发展;开展评价预立医疗照护计划经济效益的研究,以价值为导向构建本土化的医疗模式,以期为我国发展预立医疗照护计划的卫生经济学研究领域提供理论依据。

     

Walk the Talk: Financial Fairness in European Club Football

UEFA’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations represent the most restrictive regulatory intervention European club football has ever seen. Put simply, it demands from clubs to operate on the basis of their own football-related incomes. While the policy has attracted considerable attention from the economic and social sciences, very few contributions systematically investigate it from a philosophical-ethical perspective. The present paper fills this research gap by posing questions on FFP in relation to fair play as a normative concept. We draw on sport economic assessments concerning potential outcomes of FFP and argue that the policy should go beyond the mere pragmatic goal of promoting financial sustainability and truly aim for creating a level playing field, otherwise it should not be labeled ‘fair play’.     

‘I download my prayer schedule’: exploring the technological mediation of Islamic religious practice at work

The practice of daily prayers in Islam and how observances such as Ramadan fall each year follow specific solar or lunar calendars different from the Gregorian calendar of UK work places. Identifying the time for daily prayers and finding a place to practise is a skilled activity requiring ways to ascertain the correct (and changing) time and a place in which prayer can take place. In the absence of traditional mediation such as the call to prayer broadcast from a local mosque, new, often technologically innovative, approaches are being adopted. This paper reports on a study of how Muslims practise and negotiate the difficulties of performing daily prayers in a UK university. Though technological mediation is a significant aspect of daily prayers, it is but one part of a complex practice which often involves multiple technologies and multiple ways of working.     

A Community Practice Model for Community Psychologists and Some Examples of the Application of Community Practice Skills from the Partnerships for Success Initiative in Ohio

This paper provides an opportunity to consider the concept of community practice from the vantage point of community psychology. The author argues that community psychology has significant potential to change organizations, communities, and other settings to benefit setting occupants. However, it is the author's contention that the full realization of this potential is contingent upon an organized effort to engage in formal community practice. The author defines community practice in terms of four skill sets related to mobilization, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The author also describes settings that might support community practice and discusses implications for training and the field of community psychology in general. Finally, the author illustrates several community practice skills and roles in the context of a local community-based initiative in Ohio called Partnerships for Success.     

Professionalizing the Practice of Public Policy in the Prevention of Violence

The State of the Science Conference Statement on “Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking Social Behaviors in Adolescents” accurately summarizes the state of knowledge regarding risk factors for violence and intervention efficacy. The Statement missed an opportunity, however, to move the field of prevention practice and policy forward by advocating for more systematic, central review of preventive interventions through a new federal regulatory body, such as an “FDA for Preventive Interventions.” This body would provide review of evidence-based programs and aid decision-making in funding. As a complement to this body, decision-makers also need guidelines in evidence-based practice in ambiguous circumstances, which characterize much of the reality of public policy. Therefore, this new regulatory body should be accompanied by guidelines for evidence-based practice in intervention and policy. Finally, in order to move forward both of these concepts, a National Academy of Sciences Panel should convene to deliberate how these concepts can be implemented.