Being tolerated: Implications for well-being among ethnic minorities

Tolerating or condoning practices that one finds objectionable is typically considered a positive way to negotiate intergroup differences. However, being the target of tolerance might harm well-being, which we examined in three studies (a survey and two experiments) among a total of 1,054 members of various racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. In Study 1, we found that perceiving oneself to be tolerated on the basis of one’s ethnic group membership was associated with more negative well-being. In Study 2, we found that bringing to mind experiences of being tolerated results in less positive and more negative affect than thinking about experiences of acceptance, but more positive and less negative outcomes than thinking about overt discrimination experiences. In Study 3, we replicated the results of Study 2 while demonstrating that threat to social identity needs mediates the tolerance–well-being link. These results suggest that being tolerated is related to minority targets’ well-being in ways that are intermediate between being treated with outright discrimination and full acceptance, but that being tolerated follows a pattern closer to discrimination.     

Le développement d’un outil de mesure des comportements inadaptés au travail auprès de directions d’établissements scolaires du Québec

This study focuses on developing a measuring tool for unsuitable behaviour in the workplace. The tool has been developed from school principals. To do so, exploratory factor analyses have been conducted. Data have been collected from 232 senior staff members from school facilities across Quebec. Participants were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The results obtained help to classify inappropriate work behaviour into one factor. In addition to its theoretical value, this research brings several significant contributions to practice.     

Resilience in elite sport and at work – A comparative analysis among German elite athletes and employees

ObjectiveThe first purpose was to examine and compare the different levels of resilience for elite athletes and employees. Second, we investigated the relationship between resilience and personality traits for both groups. Finally, we explored how resilience is linked to sporting success.DesignCross-sectional, self-report survey.MethodA total of 720 participants (mean age = 28.59, SD = 22.02, males = 51.7%, 256 elite athletes, 132 dual students, and 332 employees) were surveyed and completed scales about resilience, personality traits, and sporting success. Analysis of variance to identify mean level differences between groups and regression analysis to examine the effect of resilience on sporting success.Results and conclusionsThe group of athletes shows significantly higher levels of resilience than the groups of dual students and employees. We find positive relationships between resilience and all considered personality traits but find that the level of correlations varies. Resilience is rather a prerequisite for top-level sports participation than a predictor for sporting success.     

Auditory–Visual stimuli: Effects on derived relations with compound stimuli

This research explored the effect of teaching conditional discriminations with three procedures on the derivation of 36 stimuli relations (derived relations). The stimuli used consisted of three characteristics musical instruments, along with the corresponding picture. In the first experiment six university students were trained with simple stimuli and tested with compound auditory–visual samples; therefore, a one‐to‐many structure was used. In the second experiment, auditory stimuli were replaced by visual stimuli, for the samples used, for new students. A third experiment was implemented with an extra phase of training with compound stimuli for six new students. The structure of the experiments was: pretests (Xbcd–A; Xacd–B; Xabd–C; Xabc–D), training (A–B; A–C; A–D), and posttests (same as pretests). The difference between these conditions was the kind of stimuli used and a new phase of teaching used in condition 3: (Xbcd–A). The results indicate that training with simple stimuli on discriminations that include stimuli that are easy to discriminate from each other (words and sounds) is a sufficient condition for good posttest performance. However, when comparisons are made difficult (words only), participants show better performance on new tests if they have a learning history with compound stimuli.     

积极应对还是逃避? 主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的影响机制

基于压力转换理论,考察主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的调节机制,尤其是应对策略对整个调节机制的中介作用。通过对9家企业的249对上下级匹配问卷分析发现,主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系具有调节作用,对于高主动性人格的员工而言,职场排斥与组织公民行为负向关系更弱;主动性人格正向影响积极应对策略,负向影响逃避应对策略;积极应对策略对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系具有调节作用,当员工采用积极应对策略时,职场排斥与组织公民行为的负向关系更弱;积极应对策略中介了主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系的调节作用。本文的研究结果不仅从理论上丰富和拓展了主动性人格、应对策略及职场排斥的关系研究,也从排斥应对的视角为实务界提供了实践指导。     

Discriminatory Contexts,Emotions and Civic/Political Engagement among Native Italians and Migrants

We assume that emotions (anger, shame and hope) mediate the relationship between perceiving a discriminatory context and civic/political engagement. Results of a survey with 1242 participants (mean age 20.7 years; 53% men; 32.8% migrants) showed that such emotions play a different role according to the type of engagement and the population (native Italians versus migrants). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Complexity of Ethnic Identity Among Jewish American Emerging Adults

Jewish Americans may grapple with issues of ethnic identity differently than the larger White American group. Drawn from a large multisite sample (N = 8,501), 280 Jewish American (207 female, 73 male) emerging adults were compared with White American and ethnic minority samples on ethnic and U.S. identity. Jewish Americans rated themselves as significantly higher on measures of ethnic and U.S. identity compared with White Americans but not as highly as ethnic minorities. Ethnic identity search, affirmation, and resolution also predicted higher self-esteem for Jewish Americans, similar to the pattern for other ethnic groups. In addition, ethnic identity search and affirmation moderated the link between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among Jewish Americans.     

家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量的关系:歧视知觉、自尊的链式中介作用

本研究探讨家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量的关系以及歧视知觉、自尊在其中的中介作用。采用家庭收入问卷、歧视知觉问卷、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对广东省某地区两所中学1053名青少年进行匿名施测。结果发现:(1)以PSQI得分≥8作为睡眠问题的参考界值,青少年睡眠问题的检出率为15.60%;(2)歧视知觉、自尊在家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量关系中起链式中介作用。因此,家庭收入既直接影响青少年的睡眠质量,又通过歧视知觉、自尊的链式中介作用影响青少年的睡眠质量。     

Assessment and treatment of response to name for children with autism spectrum disorder: Toward an efficient intervention model

Response to name (RTN) is an early developmental milestone, deficits in which are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study extends previous research by evaluating an assessment and treatment model for RTN with 13 children with ASD. For all participants, phase 1 was a naturalistic social baseline. The 9 children who did not meet mastery criteria in phase 1 underwent a series of treatment conditions in phase 2. In phase 3, treatment components were removed, and generalization was assessed. Results indicated that tangible reinforcement procedures can produce rapid increases in discriminated RTN, sometimes without prompts. The total number of trials to mastery were reduced in the current study relative to previous research. Results also provide preliminary evidence to suggest that the phase 1 baseline condition may produce distinct patterns of RTN that could be used to predict treatment effects and further reduce trials to mastery in future work.     

Group efficacy as a moderator on the associations between perceived discrimination,acculturation orientations,and psychological well‐being

We investigated whether associations between perceived discrimination (PD), acculturation orientations (desire for culture maintenance and desire for contact), and well‐being (psychological well‐being and life satisfaction) were moderated by group efficacy beliefs—the extent to which group members believe in their ability to achieve social change collectively. We recruited 163 Syrian refugees (M_age = 36.43, SD = 12.68; 88 females and 75 males) from a south‐eastern city in Turkey. PD was negatively associated with desire for culture maintenance and positively associated with desire for contact, indicating an assimilation trend as a response to PD. Both acculturation orientations in turn predicted well‐being positively. However, the ones with higher group efficacy did not experience the detrimental effects of PD on well‐being and indicated a stronger desire for contacting mainstream society. Further conditional indirect effects demonstrated that only among the ones with lower group efficacy, PD was related to lower psychological well‐being through reduced culture maintenance. Findings indicate the critical role of group efficacy beliefs in the understanding of disadvantaged group members' reactions to PD.