Raman Kapur 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2019,33(1):49-61

Experiencing fear is a central feature of managing disturbed states of minds. In this paper, I will describe the experience of being terrified by a patient who was overtaken by extreme anxiety. Aetiologically, I will suggest that the lack of containment created terror in her mind. I will also describe my experience of leadership in a voluntary organisation. Using Hopper’s concept of a fourth basic assumption, I will highlight the omnipresence of annihilatory anxiety in an example of organisational trauma. I will suggest that focusing on the issues of countertransference, working through experiences of being terrorised and paying attention to how you emotionally respond are crucial to lessening terror.  相似文献   

    

Eun Hye Park  Gyuyoung Ha  Sujung Lee  Yu Young Lee  Sang Min Lee 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2019,97(4):437-446

This study investigated the relationships between the supervisory working alliance and supervision outcome variables using meta‐analysis. The authors reviewed 27 articles, dissertations, and theses published between 1990 and 2018. The authors used the MIX program to calculate the meta‐analyses. The results indicate that the supervisory working alliance is positively related to supervision outcome variables. Supervisees’ perceived relationship with the supervisor was positively related to the relationship with the client. This shows that the phenomenon of isomorphism is a repeated pattern in the relationships in supervision and counseling. The authors discuss the limitations and implications.  相似文献   

    

Vida Mirabolfathi  Ali Reza Moradi  Laura Jobson 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(5):904-910

Symptoms evoked in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when processing trauma‐relevant material arguably impair higher order cognitive functions. An example is working memory capacity (WMC), which has been shown to be disrupted by affective distractors. However, it is unknown whether this association varies across different types of PTSD symptoms. This study explored the association between WMC performed in affective (relative to neutral) contexts in relation to different symptoms of PTSD (avoidance, re‐experiencing, hyperarousal). Motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD and without PTSD completed a delayed‐match‐to‐sample task including trauma‐related, neutral, and scrambled distractors in the interval between the presentation of the memoranda and the recognition target. The results showed that there was support for an indirect pathway between PTSD diagnosis and WMC performed in affective (versus neutral) contexts through re‐experiencing and avoidance symptoms. The findings suggest that avoidance symptoms in particular may benefit from interventions directed at improving WMC.  相似文献   

    

Sven L. Mattys  Alan Baddeley 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(6):1113-1123

We explored the proposal that overt repetition of verbal information improves the acquisition of a native accent in a second language. Mandarin‐speaking Chinese learners of English were recorded while repeating and reading out English sentences before and after one of three treatments: (a) repeating native English sentences subvocally, “covert repetition,” (b) repeating sentences out loud, “overt repetition,” and (c) unfilled time of comparable duration. The sentences were rated by English speakers for their nativeness, fluency, and intelligibility. Overt repetition improved accent rating for readout sentences. Covert repetition did not. Neither condition improved accent rating for repeated sentences, suggesting that immediate repetition depends on temporary rather than long‐term representations. Our results provide some support for the use of overt repetition in accent learning. From a theoretical perspective, an interpretation is proposed in terms of a separation between phonological and articulatory coding within the phonological loop component of working memory.  相似文献   

    

Jenny Retzler  Samantha Johnson  Madeleine Groom  Chris Hollis  Helen Budge  Lucy Cragg 《Child neuropsychology》2019,25(5):617-635

Inattention is one of the most common neurobehavioral problems following very preterm birth. Attention problems can persist into adulthood and are associated with negative socio-emotional and educational outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the cognitive processes associated with inattention differ between term-born and very preterm children. Sixty-five children born very preterm (<33+0 weeks’ gestation) aged 8–11 years were recruited alongside 48 term-born controls (?37 20 +0 weeks’ gestation). Both groups included children with a wide spectrum of parent-rated inattention (above average attention to severe inattention) measured as a continuous dimension using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal-Behavior (SWAN) scale. The children completed tests to assess basic cognitive processes and executive function. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was implemented to assess which neurocognitive processes explained variance in parent-rated inattention and whether these differed between preterm and term-born children. In both groups, poorer verbal and visuospatial short-term memory and poorer visuospatial working memory independently explained variance in parent-rated inattention. Slower motor processing speed explained variance in inattention among very preterm children only. The cognitive mechanisms associated with parent-rated inattention were predominantly overlapping between groups, but relationships between motor processing speed and inattention were unique to very preterm children. These associations may reflect risk factors for inattention in term and very preterm children. Future research should assess the efficacy of these cognitive processes as potential targets for intervention  相似文献   

    

Nicola Grossheinrich  Gerd Schulte‐Krne  Peter B Marschik  Stefanie Kademann  Waldemar von Suchodoletz  Steffi Sachse 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)

  相似文献   

    

Ashley F. Curtis  Gary R. Turner  Norman W. Park  Susan J. E. Murtha 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2019,26(1):24-43

Spatially informative auditory and vibrotactile (cross-modal) cues can facilitate attention but little is known about how similar cues influence visual spatial working memory (WM) across the adult lifespan. We investigated the effects of cues (spatially informative or alerting pre-cues vs. no cues), cue modality (auditory vs. vibrotactile vs. visual), memory array size (four vs. six items), and maintenance delay (900 vs. 1800 ms) on visual spatial location WM recognition accuracy in younger adults (YA) and older adults (OA). We observed a significant interaction between spatially informative pre-cue type, array size, and delay. OA and YA benefitted equally from spatially informative pre-cues, suggesting that attentional orienting prior to WM encoding, regardless of cue modality, is preserved with age. Contrary to predictions, alerting pre-cues generally impaired performance in both age groups, suggesting that maintaining a vigilant state of arousal by facilitating the alerting attention system does not help visual spatial location WM.  相似文献   

    

Morgan L. Widhalm  Nathan S. Rose 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2019,10(1)

We present a focused review on the utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for modulating memory, with a particular focus on multimodal approaches in which TMS is paired with neuroimaging methods (electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to manipulate and measure working memory processes. We contrast the utility of TMS for manipulating memory with other forms of noninvasive brain stimulation, as well as different forms of TMS including single‐pulse, paired‐pulse and repetitive TMS protocols. We discuss the potential for TMS to address fundamental cognitive neuroscience questions about the nature of memory processes and representations, while acknowledging the considerable variability of behavioral and neural outcomes in TMS studies. Also discussed are the limitations of this technology, current advancements that have helped to defray the impact of these limitations, and suggestions for future directions in research and methodology. This article is categorized under:

• Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
• Neuroscience > Cognition
• Psychology > Memory

  相似文献   

    

DAVID A. JOHNSON  MELINDA FRAZEE  NATALYA S. BOURN  NATHANIEL N. IVERS 《The Journal of Humanistic Counseling》2019,58(1):34-52

The authors examined whether the working alliance differed among 182 counselors‐in‐training who differed in the frequency of engaging in mindfulness practice. Participants who engaged in mindfulness practices 4 or more times per week reported higher scores on the goal and task components of the working alliance, compared with all other groups.  相似文献   

    

JARED LAU  YI‐WEN SU  CHING‐CHEN CHEN  CHIA‐LIANG DAI 《The Journal of Humanistic Counseling》2019,58(2):150-164

This article addresses the supervisory needs of international counseling students and provides recommendations for supervision through a collaborative supervision model. Collaborative supervision promotes a sharing emphasis on the roles of language, conversation, self, and stories, whereby both supervisee and supervisor develop a relationship that invites jointly creating knowledge.  相似文献