Centrality in children's best friend networks: The role of social behaviour

Centrality is an indicator of an individual's relative importance within a social group. Predictors of centrality in best friendship networks were examined in 146 children (70 boys and 76 girls, M_age = 9.95). Children completed measures of social confidence, social desirability, friendship quality, school liking, and loneliness and nominated their best friends from within their class at two time points, 3 months apart. Multigroup path analysis revealed gender differences in the antecedents of centrality. Social confidence, social desirability, and friendship quality predicted changes in the indicators of centrality in best friend networks over time. Boys' social behaviour positively predicted changes in centrality, whereas girls' social behaviour negatively predicted changes in centrality. Together, these findings suggest that some aspects of social behaviour are influential for centrality in best friend groups.     

工作连通行为的双刃剑效应：多重任务倾向的调节作用

随着移动通信工具飞速发展,“全天候保持工作连通”的新时代已到来。在此背景下,工作连通行为对员工工作与生活的影响受到广泛关注。基于工作要求-资源模型,通过258份三时点的领导-员工配对数据探究工作连通行为的双刃剑效应。路径分析结果表明,工作连通行为一方面会通过工作目标进展进而影响员工工作绩效(积极路径),另一方面又会通过工作负荷进而导致工作-家庭冲突(消极路径)。多重任务趋向在上述两条路径过程中发挥调节作用,对于高多重任务趋向的员工, 积极路径的效果被强化,而消极路径的效果被削弱。     

The development of prospective memory in young schoolchildren: The impact of ongoing task absorption,cue salience,and cue centrality

This study presents evidence that 9- and 10-year-old children outperform 6- and 7-year-old children on a measure of event-based prospective memory and that retrieval-based factors systematically influence performance and age differences. All experiments revealed significant age effects in prospective memory even after controlling for ongoing task performance. In addition, the provision of a less absorbing ongoing task (Experiment 1), higher cue salience (Experiment 2), and cues appearing in the center of attention (Experiment 3) were each associated with better performance. Of particular developmental importance was an age by cue centrality (in or outside of the center of attention) interaction that emerged in Experiment 3. Thus, age effects were restricted to prospective memory cues appearing outside of the center of attention, suggesting that the development of prospective memory across early school years may be modulated by whether a cue requires overt monitoring beyond the immediate attentional context. Because whether a cue is in or outside of the center of attention might determine the amount of executive control needed in a prospective memory task, findings suggest that developing executive control resources may drive prospective memory development across primary school age.     

Work Centrality and Post-Award Work Behavior of Lottery Winners

Individuals who had won the lottery responded to a survey concerning whether they had continued to work after winning. They were also asked to indicate how important work was in their life using items and scales commonly used to measure work centrality. The authors predicted that whether lottery winners would continue to work would be related to their level of work centrality as well as to the amount of their winnings. Individuals who won large amounts in the lottery would be less likely to quit work if they had relatively greater degrees of work centrality. After controlling for a number of variables (i.e., age, gender, education, occupation, and job satisfaction), results indicated that work centrality and the amount won were significantly related to whether individuals continued to work and, as predicted, the interaction between the two was also significantly related to work continuance.     

The association between high status positions and aggressive behavior in early adolescence

The present study examined the association between high status social positions in early adolescence and both overt and relational aggression. A sample of 234 sixth graders (132 girls, 102 boys) completed peer nominations assessing aggression, social centrality, and coolness. Data analyses were based on all sixth graders who received peer nominations, for a total sample size of 417 students (224 girls, 193 boys). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine both within-peer group differences and between-peer group differences. Results indicated relational aggression was related to higher overall social centrality and being nominated as cool even when controlling for overt aggression. Overt aggression appeared to be related to higher overall social centrality and being nominated as cool, but this relationship was much weaker when relational aggression was controlled. Although girls used relational aggression more often and boys used overt aggression more often, the use of relational aggression by either gender was related to membership in high status peer groups and high status within the peer group. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Using selection,optimization, and compensation to reduce job/family stressors: effective when it matters

Previous research has demonstrated that the use of general behaviors specified by a life-management strategy entitled Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) reduces, if only to a small extent, the perceived amounts of the main antecedents (i.e., job/family stressors) of work-family conflict. The results of the current study demonstrate that several variables that impact the amount of resources demanded of, or resources available to, an individual (e.g., supervisor support) moderate the relationship between SOC behaviors and job/family stressors. Specifically, SOC strategies are more effective than previously thought at reducing job/family stressors for precisely those individuals in the most demanding situations.     

边界弹性与工作-家庭冲突、增益的关系：基于人?环境匹配的视角

本研究从人?环境匹配理论的视角探讨工作和家庭边界弹性能力和边界弹性意愿对个体工作?家庭冲突和工作?家庭增益的交互影响。通过问卷法共获得494份有效数据, 基于多项式回归分析和反应曲面分析的结果表明：工作弹性能力与工作弹性意愿的匹配对工作→家庭冲突有显著的负向效应, 对工作→家庭增益无显著影响; 家庭弹性能力与家庭弹性意愿的匹配对家庭→工作冲突、家庭→工作增益有显著的负向效应。     

工作-家庭中心性与延迟退休态度的关系研究

延迟退休态度是影响新退休政策推行的重要社会心理因素。本研究采用《延迟退休态度问卷》等工具,抽取450名临近退休员工,考察工作-家庭中心性与延迟退休态度的关系以及工作投入、组织支持感在其二者关系上的作用机制。研究发现：（1）临近退休员工对延迟退休的态度较为消极。（2）低组织支持感条件下,工作投入在工作-家庭中心性与延迟退休态度之间起到完全中介作用。低组织支持感不利于缓解家庭中心性员工对延迟退休的消极态度。（3）高价值认同条件下,家庭中心性与工作投入、延迟退休态度的正向关系弱化。给予员工高价值认同可以提升对延迟退休的积极态度。高关心利益也可缓解家庭中心性员工对延迟退休的消极态度。