濒死体验研究的认识论

在濒死体验研究中,有两条认识路线:唯物主义与唯心主义.唯物主义导致科学医学,唯心主义导致灵学医学.前者研究其组成和机制,分析其文化、生物学特点及心理动力学.后者则陷入对人死复生的证明,美其名为生命之后的生命.     

护士工作应激与倦怠的关系

依据Maslach等的理论构想,利用中式工作倦怠量表和工作应激问卷,通过对175名护士的调查,考察工作应激与倦怠之间的关系。结果表明,奖赏不足和价值观冲突对耗竭具有显著的预测作用;工作负荷、缺乏控制和共同体瓦解对人格解体具有显著的预测作用;共同体瓦解对成就感降低具有显著的预测作用。     

Validation of the Life Role Salience Scale in a South African setting

This study aimed to validate the Life Role Salience Scale (LRSS) in a South African context. Respondents were 300 working adults (72.3% = women; 57.9% = non-white; mean age = 35.12 years, SD = 10.25 years; mostly from the finance sector = 35.6%). Confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine the LRSS’s factor structure and reliability of scores from the scale for the South African sample. Results yielded five factors emerging from the analyses: Homecare role reward value and homecare role commitment; marital role reward value and marital role commitment; occupational role commitment; occupational role value reward; and parental role reward value. The reliability of scores from the LRSS ranged from 0.79 (parental role reward value) to 0.95 (homecare role reward value and homecare role commitment). The LRSS shows validity for research use in South Africa.     

The Group Home Workplace and the Work of Know-How

This paper is concerned with the everyday practice of authority and knowledge in a group home for adults with intellectual disability. Based on fieldwork, the group home is understood as a workplace, which provides a model of organizational participation as a dilemma of freedom rather than a problem of power. Three kinds of work are observed in the everyday know-how of counselors and residents. First, Michael Lipskys concept of street-level bureaucracy is used to understand the inherently indeterminate and conflictual nature of counselor work. Second, the competent participation of residents is also organized as work, often explicitly, as the work they must do to become more independent. The group home is therefore understood as a setting of governmentality because it reflects the indirect practice of authority characteristic of contemporary liberal societies. Finally, the ethnomethodological insight about the accomplished character of local order is the basis for the observation of everyday life itself as a third kind of work.     

专业社会工作者的角色与和谐医患关系的构建

当前医疗纠纷频繁发生,医患关系日趋紧张,问题的复杂性呼唤着多种力量的积极参与和共同努力。作为一种综合性的助人手段,社会工作者在严格秉承专业价值观的基础上,运用三大专业方法,协助医患双方有效预防、和平解决医疗纠纷问题,肩负着构建和谐医患关系的专业使命。     

Conception et santé : quelques remarques sur le statut de l’activité de travail dans la conception des systèmes de production

The aim of this article is to discuss the status of activity at work for the design process. After having highlighted the stakes to take into account activity at work during design, three approaches are discussed. One can try to model the workers’ activity in order to anticipate it during the design process. One can try to support the design of flexible systems, which control activity. One can try to catch and articulate in a same process the development of both the situation and the activity. These different positions result in different understanding of the design process mainly in its temporal dimension. For each approaches, some lines of research are presented.     

传统宗教文化与中国企业家慈善事业——以胡润百富慈善榜闽籍企业家群体为研究对象

分析2009年胡润慈善榜发现,广东、浙江、福建省等三地富豪上榜最多,与胡润百富榜上榜富豪相比,其从事慈善事业的比率也相对较高,这其中的原因与三地经济发达,富豪数量较多相关,但也与地方传统宗教文化发达,富人能自觉从事慈善与社会公益事业有关。中国企业家从事慈善事业的背后是有传统宗教伦理支持的。     

角色领悟与中学教师职业倦怠

近30年来对中学教师职业倦怠的研究,重点在于探讨中学教师职业倦怠的现状,很少聚焦于寻找解决办法。对于“角色领悟”,这种解决教师职业倦怠的可能途径之一的研究更是稀少。本研究重点在于探讨全面、正确的中学教师角色领悟对缓解中学教师职业倦怠的作用。     

An epidemiological study on work and family stress among Chinese in Hong Kong

Hong Kong, with a population of over six million in a modern city, has been shown to be a very stressful place to live in. However, epidemiological data from a big-scale study in this regard are lacking. The present territory-wide survey, from a sample representative of the general population, was aimed to investigate the work and family stress of Chinese adults in the community with respect to the impact on their psychological well-being. The psychosocial context was considered as an important source of stress. The results showed that coping with work demands and rearing children were reported as the highest stress responses. Moreover, workers in Hong Kong took an instrumental attitude, i.e., one emphasizing material rewards, in order to reduce the job stress arising from interpersonal conflicts in the workplace.     

实习初期教师职业认同的发展轨迹及其与主动性人格的关系:一项追踪研究

采用主动性人格量表、工作绩效量表、人际关系量表、教师职业认同量表对385名实习教师从其实习第一周起连续追踪测量五周,利用多层线性模型探讨实习初期教师职业认同的发展轨迹,以及主动性人格对教师职业认同的影响及其机制。结果表明：(1)实习初期教师职业认同呈先高后低再升高的U型非线性发展趋势;(2)工作绩效和人际关系在主动性人格与教师职业认同之间起部分中介作用,且工作绩效的中介效应显著大于人际关系的中介效应。研究结果不仅揭示了实习初期教师职业认同的动态发展轨迹,同时还揭示了主动性人格影响教师职业认同的中介机制,对提升教师培养质量具有重要的参考价值。