配偶情绪智力对员工工作投入的影响：员工生活幸福感的中介作用和性别的调节作用

本文关注配偶情绪智力对员工工作投入的跨领域的人际间影响。基于努力-恢复模型视角和情绪智力文献, 本文提出高情绪智力的配偶能够通过提升员工生活幸福感, 从而促进员工工作投入。此外, 通过整合社会性别角色理论, 本文进一步讨论了员工性别的调节作用。通过两个子研究, 本文发现：配偶情绪智力与员工生活幸福感之间呈现正相关关系; 员工生活幸福感与员工工作投入之间呈现正相关关系; 员工生活幸福感中介了配偶情绪智力对员工工作投入的影响; 并且, 员工性别调节了配偶情绪智力和员工生活幸福感之间的关系, 即当员工为男性时, 配偶情绪智力对该员工生活幸福感的正向影响更强; 此外, 员工性别还调节了员工生活幸福感在配偶情绪智力和员工工作投入之间起到的中介作用。本研究首次提出和检验了配偶情绪智力对员工工作投入的跨领域的人际间积极影响, 具有理论和实践上的重要意义。     

员工跨界行为的收益与代价：元分析的证据

为探究员工跨界行为产生的影响、作用机制和边界条件, 通过文献检索、筛选和编码, 对50项员工跨界行为研究的52个独立样本(总样本量N = 14366)进行元分析, 结果表明: 员工跨界行为既会产生收益也需要付出代价, 收益表现为员工跨界行为提升工作满意度、组织承诺、绩效和创新, 付出的代价表现为跨界行为引发角色压力。员工跨界行为与结果变量的关系受员工类型(知识型员工-非知识型员工)和个人主义-集体主义、权力距离的调节。工作态度在员工跨界行为和绩效、创新的关系中发挥中介效应, 但在跨界行为和压力与耗竭的关系中出现了遮掩效应。本元分析为员工跨界行为提供了综合而可靠的结论, 对未来员工跨界行为的相关研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

Disruptive pandemic effects on telecommuters: A longitudinal study of work–family balance and well-being during COVID-19

We examined the disruptive influence of COVID-19 pandemic rates in the community on telecommuters' satisfaction with balancing their work and family roles and consequently their well-being. Utilizing event system theory and adaptation theory, we proposed that the rate of increase in proportion of confirmed COVID-19 cases in telecommuters' residential communities would predict a lower rate of increase in their satisfaction with work–family balance over time, thereby indirectly influencing two key aspects of well-being—emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction. Results from latent growth curve modeling using objective community data, as well as survey responses from a three-wave (N = 349) panel study of telecommuters in the United States, indicated that rate of increase in the proportion of confirmed COVID-19 cases in communities was negatively associated with the rate of increase in satisfaction with work–family balance, which translated into decreasing levels of well-being over time. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

基于多层结构方程模型的情境效应分析—— 兼与多层线性模型比较

多层(嵌套)数据的变量关系研究, 必须借助多层模型来实现。两层模型中, 层一自变量Xij按组均值中心化, 并将组均值 置于层2截距方程式中, 可将Xij对因变量Yij的效应分解为组间和组内部分, 二者之差被称为情境效应, 称为情境变量。多层结构方程模型(MSEM)将多层线性模型(MLM)和结构方程模型(SEM)相结合, 通过设置潜变量和多指标的方法校正了MLM在情境效应分析中出现的抽样误差和测量误差, 同时解决了数据的多层(嵌套)结构和潜变量的估计问题。除了分析原理的说明, 还以班级平均竞争氛围对学生竞争表现的情境效应为例进行分析方法的示范, 并比较MSEM和MLM的异同, 随后展望了MSEM情境效应模型、情境效应无偏估计方法和情境变量研究的拓展方向。     

“大五”人格模型及其在工业与组织心理学中的应用

“大五”是涵盖人格的5个因素的简称,它包括：神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性和责任感。在介绍了该模型的基础上,文章重点介绍了它在工业与组织心理学中的应用,即“大五”可以有效的预测工作绩效、工作动机、领导行为、创造性行为和工作满意感等。     

Comparative Analysis of Work Values Across Four Nations

Work values are important factors in career counseling and development. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of Terada's ( 2009 ) Vocational Values Inventory, as well as compare the means of 5 latent variables across 4 nations (Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Germany) using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that the assumptions of configural, metric, and intercept invariance were satisfied across the 4 nations. A comparison of the means of the 5 latent variables indicated that job security, an extrinsic work value, was perceived as the most important work value across the 4 nations.     

General mental ability,conscientiousness, and the work–family interface: A test of mediating pathways

This study proposed a model in which employee general mental ability (GMA) and conscientiousness are linked to work–family conflict and enrichment through their relationship with occupational prestige and coping styles. We evaluated this model in a sample of 709 working adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development II in the United States. Results indicate that, through occupational prestige and subsequent psychological job demands and financial well-being, GMA was related to work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC). GMA was also related to work-to-family enrichment (WFE) but not family-to-work enrichment (FWE) through occupational prestige and autonomy. In contrast, conscientiousness did not influence work–family outcomes through occupational prestige. Additionally, GMA and conscientiousness were both related to WFE/FWE through problem coping, whereas conscientiousness was related to FWC through avoidance coping. Examining the relative effects of GMA and conscientiousness, we found that the indirect effects of GMA through occupational prestige were stronger than those of conscientiousness, whereas the indirect effects of conscientiousness through problem coping were stronger than those of GMA. We discuss our findings in terms of the mechanisms through which stable individual differences may exert influences on work–family outcomes.     

Linking dimensions and dynamics in psychopathology research: An example using DSM-5 instruments

The DSM-5 includes two measures to assess dimensions of personality pathology (Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5) and cross-cutting symptoms of psychopathology (DSM-5 Cross-cutting Symptom Measure; CCS). Few studies have evaluated these measures in an ecologically valid context. Participants (N = 248, student sample) completed self-report versions of the DSM-5 measures, and then completed a two-week daily diary of internalizing and externalizing outcomes. The CCS scales evidenced convergent and discriminant validity with these outcomes, PID-5 Negative Affectivity and Detachment were related to internalizing outcomes, and PID-5 Antagonism was related to externalizing outcomes. We also demonstrated the benefit of linking static dimensions to temporally-dynamic processes by examining how PID-5/CCS dimensions moderated the within-person associations among daily cognitive distortions and internalizing and externalizing outcomes.     

Mechanical work in shuttle running as a function of speed and distance: Implications for power and efficiency

Biomechanics (and energetics) of human locomotion are generally studied at constant, linear, speed whereas less is known about running mechanics when velocity changes (because of accelerations, decelerations or changes of direction). The aim of this study was to calculate mechanical work and power and to estimate mechanical efficiency in shuttle runs (as an example of non-steady locomotion) executed at different speeds and over different distances. A motion capture system was utilised to record the movements of the body segments while 20 athletes performed shuttle runs (with a 180° change of direction) at three paces (slow, moderate and maximal) and over four distances (5, 10, 15 and 20 m). Based on these data the internal, external and total work of shuttle running were calculated as well as mechanical power; mechanical efficiency was then estimated based on values of energy cost reported in the literature. Total mechanical work was larger the faster the velocity and the shorter the distance covered (range: 2.3–3.7 J m⁻¹ kg⁻¹) whereas mechanical efficiency showed an opposite trend (range: 0.20–0.50). At maximal speed, over all distances, braking/negative power (about 21 W kg⁻¹) was twice the positive power. Present results highlight that running humans can exert a larger negative than positive power, in agreement with the fundamental proprieties of skeletal muscles in vivo. A greater relative importance of the constant speed phase, associated to a better exploitation of the elastic energy saving mechanism, is likely responsible of the higher efficiency at the longer shuttle distances.