Benefits Derived by College Students from Mentoring At-Risk Youth in a Service-Learning Course

Service learning is increasingly being used as a pedagogical strategy for promoting the development of civic-mindedness among university students. Despite the use of this strategy, little is known about the benefits derived from specific types of service-learning experiences. Additionally, few notable studies have examined the unique outcomes experienced by mentors of at-risk youth. Therefore, this study examines the civic-related benefits that college students derive from mentoring at-risk youth within a structured, service-learning course. A series of linear regression models were estimated to determine if there were significant post-intervention differences between the treatment and comparison condition for the variables of interest, after adjusting for key background factors and pre-intervention levels of all variables. The results indicated that, in comparison to college students who did not participate in the course (n = 258), college student in Campus Corps, a youth mentoring program, (n = 390) had significantly higher scores at post-intervention regarding mentors’ civic attitudes, community service self-efficacy, self-esteem, interpersonal and problem solving skills, political awareness, and civic action. Findings hold important implications for youth mentoring programs and future research.     

非体面工作者职业污名的作用机制及其应对策略

“非体面工作”是指在身体上令人不悦、社会认知程度不高的工作,或者与我们道德观念中更英雄主义的东西背道而驰的工作类型。通过回顾非体面工作从业者职业污名的相关文献,对非体面工作和职业污名的概念内涵进行划分与辨析;基于认知评价理论构建了职业污名威胁感知过程模型,探讨了非体面工作从业者职业污名的前因、评估、应对策略以及可能产生的潜在后果;提出了未来潜在研究方向：(1)从动态视角探索职业污名的来源;(2)结合个体和情境因素探索职业污名管理的作用路径和作用效果;(3)考虑多样文化背景。     

未来工作自我清晰度对主动职业行为的影响——一个有调节的中介模型

基于主动性行为模型和生涯建构理论探讨未来工作自我清晰度对主动职业行为的影响机制。采用主动职业行为量表、未来工作自我清晰度量表、生涯适应力量表、同事支持量表对广深两地13所民营企业的195名员工进行调查分析。结果显示:(1)未来工作自我清晰度影响主动职业行为;(2)生涯适应力在其中起到部分中介作用;(3)同事支持在中介模型的前半路径起到调节作用。     

The relevance of sleep and circadian misalignment for procrastination among shift workers

This daily diary study contributes to current research uncovering the role of sleep for employees’ effective self‐regulation at work. We focus on shift workers’ effective self‐regulation in terms of their general and day‐specific inclination to procrastinate, that is, their tendency to delay the initiation or completion of work activities. We hypothesized that transitory sleep characteristics (day‐specific sleep quality and sleep duration) and chronic sleep characteristics in terms of circadian misalignment are relevant for procrastination. Sixty‐six shift workers completed two daily questionnaires over the course of one work week, resulting in 332 days of analysis. Results of multilevel regression analyses showed that on days when shift workers slept better and longer—compared to days when they slept worse and shorter—they had more energy and willpower available after sleep and subsequently were less prone to procrastination. Moreover, the more work times (permanent shift) were misaligned with employees’ sleep–wake preferences (chronotype) the more pronounced was shift workers’ inclination to procrastinate at work. The present findings provide important implications for shift workers’ effective functioning at work.

Practitioner Points

• To promote shift workers’ effective functioning at work, when scheduling shift work, circadian principles should be taken into account, and work times should be aligned with workers’ chronotypes.
• Day‐specific sleep quality and duration co‐vary with procrastination at work. Thus, on days on which procrastination would be especially harmful, sleep of good quality and of sufficient duration should be obtained.

     

艾勒悖论再探——三结果决策的齐当别式表征:“好-坏”抑或“最好-最坏”?

艾勒悖论的第一项决策任务属于三结果决策任务,这对齐当别模型以及鉴别其不同判断任务间的优势都具有特殊意义。本研究通过3项子研究系统的探讨了不同表征方式("最好-最坏","好-坏")、不同判断任务(经典判断任务与联合判断任务)、不同数量级的结果值(万元级、百万元级以及亿元级)以及不同决策情境(迫选,非迫选)上,齐当别模型对艾勒悖论的解释力。结果显示:无论是迫选情境还是非迫选情境,经典的艾勒悖论均可被齐当别模型解释,但应基于"好-坏"而非"最好-最坏"表征维度;齐当别模型的联合判断任务在三结果决策任务上的预测力也再次被证明优于经典判断任务。     

Organisation du travail,stress et conséquences en milieu universitaire

The objective of this study is to show that the organization of work, appearing in a cultural context marked by inequity, and raising the symptoms of stress, has an adverse impact on the functioning of Cameroonian universities. From a random probability sample of 287 university teachers were selected. Relative to the French version of the organizational factors Karasek and Siegrist questionnaire and inventory-based stress symptoms questionnaire were administered to them. The analysis method was statistical results and hypotheses were tested with multiple regression. All hypotheses are confirmed.This research raises awareness of mental health, if it is not supported, can further contribute to weaken higher education in Cameroon.     

L’attitude défaitiste des responsables d’équipe : un frein à l’innovation?

The goal of this study is to investigate the role of defeatist attitude in regard to process innovation by considering the mediating role of group potency and the moderating effect of collective autonomy. Data was gathered from 101 work teams (381 members and 101 immediate supervisors) in a public safety organization located in Canada. Results show that group potency may have a mediating role in the relationship between defeatist attitude and process innovation. Moreover, results indicate that the relationship between group potency and process innovation is moderated by collective autonomy, such that this relationship is stronger when the level of collective autonomy is high.     

Contraintes temporelles et qualité du travail dans l’activité des soignants

This article investigates the relationships between care activity and temporal constrains. The main objective is to understand the constrain effects on care givers activity. It is aimed at understanding the effects of the requirements on care givers activity. A research-action of eighteen month was conducted within a residential establishment for older dependent people and studied the activity of thirty four care givers. Our theoretical frame associates both work clinic and ergonomics. Investigations method combined both observation and interviews. The analysis of the care givers activity shows the effects of the organizational constrains on the activity. The care givers activity focuses on time organization rather than care. Finally, the quality of work is impaired, the work looses its sense and misses its primary objectives.     

Probable PTSD and Impairment in Witnesses of Work-Related Fatalities

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, steel, oil, and mining are among the nation's most dangerous industries. This study assessed probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive symptoms, life functioning, and well-being in a unique sample of 89 members of the United Steelworkers who reported directly witnessing an occupational fatality. Of the sample, 25.8% reported symptoms consistent with probable PTSD, while 21.3% reported symptoms consistent with subthreshold PTSD. These two groups differed significantly from the non-PTSD group on measures of depressive symptoms, well-being, and life functioning. These findings highlight the further need for assessment and intervention for workers exposed to fatalities.     

A mixed-method approach to post-retirement career planning

In times of rising longevity and shortage of skilled workers, post-retirement work has become increasingly prevalent in many countries. However, not much is known about the expectations and facilitating factors associated with work-related activities after retirement. In two studies we draw on the social cognitive career theory and investigated the role of outcome expectations and facilitating factors in post-retirement career planning. First, we interviewed 22 older employees and subject matter experts in a German aerospace company to learn more about expectations of post-retirement work and its facilitating factors to build a theoretical model. Second, to test our theoretical model, 212 employees of the same company aged 50 to 65 completed a web-based survey. Results showed that outcome expectations and the facilitating factors identified in the interview study were significantly related to post-retirement career intention. Further, the facilitating factor social approval moderated the relationship between outcome expectations and post-retirement career intention. We discuss implications of our findings in terms of how they inform retirement counselors, organizations, and society to help increase engagement in work-related activities after retirement.