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11.
Jennifer R. Ledford Cary Trump Kate T. Chazin Sienna A. Windsor Paige Bennett Eyler Kara Wunderlich 《Behavioral Interventions》2023,38(1):198-218
Interruption and redirection (IR) procedures involve systematically disrupting an undesirable behavior and prompting an individual to engage in an alternative behavior. These procedures have been frequently assessed for reducing repetitive behaviors for autistic individuals. The primary purpose of this review was to assess IR interventions to determine whether outcomes vary according to intervention characteristics, dependent variable types, design quality, or publication status. A secondary purpose was to assess the extent to which generalization and maintenance outcomes were measured and whether characteristics of these conditions were related to outcomes. IR interventions were moderately successful for reducing repetitive behaviors but less effective for improving corollary variables such as appropriate vocalizations and functional engagement. Generalization and maintenance outcomes, when measured, were poor. Results indicate the need for alternative or augmentative procedures that focus on engagement in meaningful interactions and activities. 相似文献
12.
《Pratiques Psychologiques》2023,29(3):193-206
The guidance design for unemployed people in changing career must increasingly take into account their existential concerns about career meaning. The literature about life and work meaning has highlighted the multifactorial complexity of meaning definition and determinants of meaning. This fact does not facilitate their use in counselling design. Bernaud et al. (2020) “Guidance for life and work meaning” device takes into account this problem; it offers many thinking prospects that organize meaning questioning in order to help people who loosed professional and personal markers. By analyzing an application of this device with the multiple cases method, our article examines how a meaning guidance helps unemployed people in giving a new direction of their career. The study of five cases with chronologic analysis unities shows how various meaning dimensions help people to clarify, to enrich and to transform their initial problematic during accompaniment and how they progress with different rhythms to major personal and vocational decisions. 相似文献
13.
Though scholars have explored the impact of familial work experience (FWE) posthire, research has yet to determine the role of such experience during the selection process. Drawing from Attribution Theory and research on nepotism and family business dynamics, we suggest that the presence of FWE on an applicant's selection materials will lead to reduced perceptions of qualifications and hireability. Through two online experiments (N1 = 170, N2 = 251), we found mixed support for this proposition. In our first study focused on cover letters, we found that applicants who reported FWE were not appraised differently than those who did not. In our second study focused on letters of recommendation, however, we found that applicants who reported FWE were perceived as less qualified and less hireable. Moreover, we found that the level of job (i.e., service vs. managerial) moderates these relations, such that managerial applicants with FWE on their letter of recommendation were perceived as less hireable than those who did not. Implications for research and practice are discussed, and future research directions are offered. 相似文献
14.
Ronald C. Martella Ph.D. Ian J. Leonard B.S. Nancy E. Marchand-Martella Ph.D. Martin Agran Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1993,3(1):77-86
We examined the effects of a self-monitoring program on reducing the frequency of negative statements of a student with mild mental retardation who was enrolled in a self-contained classroom at a middle school. A changing criterion design was used within a multiple baseline design across two classroom periods. Additionally, the frequency of positive statements was reported. The results showed a decrease in the number of negative statements, and an increase in the number of positive statements. Maintenance data collected up to 8 weeks after the program ended indicated that the student continued to emit positive rather than negative statements. The use of this procedure to decelerate undesirable behavior is discussed. 相似文献
15.
A cohort longitudinal design with four adjacent cohorts of students ( n = 1689) followed over two years was used to study key issues identified in the research literature on the development of self-evaluations in early adolescence. There was no clear relationship between age/grade and self-evaluations. We found no support for a "stressful periods" hypothesis with respect to self: Possible changes were very gradual and quite small. However, there was a consistent "relative age" effect implying that younger students within a grade had more negative self-evaluations. There were small but consistent sex differences in self-evaluations in favor of the boys; more detailed analyses of very negative self-evaluations suggested that the early adolescent years are the period in which a sex difference in depression related symptomatology begins to emerge. Finally, the usefulness of some kind of effect size measure and advantages and problems associated with a cohort longitudinal design were discussed. 相似文献
16.
Expert research administrators responded to questions to determine to what degree they had postformal thinking skills. Postformal
theory suggests that the interpersonal and institutional complexity of work roles would make them likely to exhibit postformal
thought. The tests included a questionnaire about the use of postformal operations on the job, and thinking-aloud taped interviews
of responses to job-related and standard postformal problems. The respondents demonstrated the use of postformal thinking
operations on job-related tests and a more moderate degree of use on the standard problems. The results support prior research
and our working hypothesis that a high degree of interaction with people and complex problems is associated with adults' postformal
thought. 相似文献
17.
计算机支持下协同工作的心理学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
计算机支持下协同工作(computersupportedcooperativework,简称CSCW)是计算机科学和认知科学的新兴交叉研究领域,主要研究在高技术支持下的群体协作。CSCW中蕴含着大量的心理学研究问题。心理学家需要更好地理解群体协作的性质以评估新技术是否与群体协作相适应,其研究成果会有助于理解如何构建技术和哪些技术可能成功。本文首先从分析CSCW的领域维度入手,然后讨论与之相关的一些重要的心理学研究问题,最后简要介绍国外在该领域进行的研究工作 相似文献
18.
THE EFFECTS OF CHOICE AND TASK PREFERENCE ON THE WORK PERFORMANCE OF ADULTS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES
Linda M. Bambara Christina Ager Freya Koger 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(3):555-556
We evaluated the effects of choice versus the assignment of tasks of varying preferences on the work engagement of adults with severe disabilities. The combined results of two experiments suggest that the relative preference for a task may be an important variable in the effectiveness of choice for some individuals. 相似文献
19.
The literature is reviewed to define a sense of community in the workplace and to identify factors that may foster it. A model
is developed and estimated with survey data from a culturally diverse sample of men and women performing lower-level jobs
at a medium-sized manufacturing firm. Results of regression analyses are reported that correct for sample selection bias resulting
from the lower response rates of minority workers. Findings suggest that well-designed jobs and supportive workplace relationships
and policies are important in explaining workers' sense of community, defined as workers' perceptions of mutual commitment
between employee and employer. Informal sources of support play a larger role in explaining men's sense of community, while
formal sources of support are more important in explaining women's sense of community. Findings further suggest that African
American workers, especially women, have a difficult time experiencing a sense of community at work.
The authors thank the employees of Fel-Pro for their participation in this study and Melissa Roderick, Michael Sosin, and
anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. This research was funded by the Fel-Pro/Mecklenberger Foundation and the
Lois and Samuel Silberman Fund. 相似文献
20.
The total workload of male and female white collar workers as related to age, occupational level, and number of children 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
ULF LUNDBERG BERTIL MÅRDBERG MARIANNE FRANKENHAEUSER 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1994,35(4):315-327
A questionnaire assessing various aspects of paid as well as unpaid forms of productive activity was mailed to stratified samples of male and female white collar workers, approximately matched for educational and occupational level. Data from 501 men and 679 women employed full time revealed traditional gender differences in terms of main responsibility for household duties, child care etc. In keeping with this, women reported higher levels of work overload, stress and conflict than men, which increased significantly with the number of children at home. The various stress indices reached a peak between the ages of 35 and 39. Men reported more autonomy in their paid work whereas women reported more control at home. Men and women at the upper managerial levels reported more control over their total work situation and less conflict between demands. 相似文献