Effects of Concerns About Child Care Among Single, Employed Black Mothers with Preschool Children

This study investigated whether differences in child care arrangements and mothers' attitudes about leaving their child in nonmaternal care were associated with maternal psychological well-being and perceptions of children in a sample of single, employed, low-income, Black mothers who were former welfare recipients. Feelings of discomfort with regard to nonmaternal care were associated with higher levels of maternal depressive symptomatology, which, in turn, predicted more negative perceptions of children. Preference for employment and increased working hours were associated with greater life satisfaction. Maternal education and the gender of the child were important moderating variables. Type of child care arrangement was nonsignificant. Policy implications are discussed.     

整合智慧量表的编制及信效度检验

基于智慧的德才一体理论,编制包含良好品德和聪明才智二因子的整合智慧量表,以方便取样抽取中国大陆892名青年,检验其信效度。总量表的Cronbach's α和组合信度分别为0.89和0.94。四周后重测信度为0.85。验证性因素分析发现,量表的结构效度良好,CFI=0.91,IFI=0.91,TLI=0.90,RMSEA=0.07,SRMR=0.08,也具有良好的聚合效度和区分效度。与自我评估智慧量表、三维智慧量表、开放性和心理幸福感的相关分别为0.79、0.36、0.32和0.46,与生活满意度的相关不显著(p>0.05)。这说明整合智慧量表具有良好的信效度,是测量中国青年智慧的有效工具。     

线上“秀恩爱”与旁观者主观幸福感的关系:自尊的中介作用和依恋的调节作用

随着互联网技术的普及,社交网站已经成为个体日常生活的重要部分,对个体的社会发展和社会适应产生重要影响。为探讨线上“秀恩爱”与旁观者主观幸福感的关系,以及自尊和依恋在其中的作用,本研究采用问卷法对458名成人进行了调查。结果表明：（1）被动接受“秀恩爱”程度越高,个体的主观幸福感和自尊越低。（2）自尊在被动接受“秀恩爱”程度与主观幸福感之间存在中介效应,被动接受“秀恩爱”程度越高,会引发个体自尊下降,进一步降低主观幸福感。（3）依恋焦虑在被动接受“秀恩爱”程度与自尊之间有调节效应,当依恋焦虑水平较低时,被动接受“秀恩爱”程度对自尊的削弱效应较强。     

广州大学生主观幸福感研究

运用《国际大学调查》(ICS)问卷,对广州市200名大学生进行抽样调查,考察了广州市大学生的主观幸福感的基本状况,并对主观幸福感与各维度之间的相互关系作了分析。结果表明：(1)男女幸福感没有差异;(2)主观幸福感主要是由积极情感、消极情感和生活满意度决定;(3)外在准则对主观幸福感的影响是间接的;(4)个体的自我体验和主观幸福感、生活满意度、积极情感、外界准则等相关,但与外界准则的相关最大。     

个体和群体歧视知觉对流动儿童主观幸福感的影响

采用整班联系、自愿参加的方式,通过匿名方式对北京市1552名流动儿童施测个体和群体歧视知觉问卷、积极/消极情感量表、生活满意度量表、内群体认同测验与群体地位感测验,探讨个体和群体歧视知觉对流动儿童主观幸福感的影响及内群体认同感和群体地位感在其中的中介作用。结果表明：（1）个体和群体歧视知觉与流动儿童的主观幸福感、内群体情感认同及群体地位感之间存在显著性相关,与内群体认知认同之间相关不显著。（2）个体歧视知觉对流动儿童的主观幸福感存在直接显著的负向预测作用,并通过降低流动儿童的群体地位感,进而间接地负向影响流动儿童的主观幸福感;（3）群体歧视知觉对流动儿童的主观幸福感也存在直接显著的消极影响,并同时借助于群体地位感的中介作用、以及内群体情感认同和群体地位感的双重中介作用间接地降低流动儿童的主观幸福感。     

青少年主观幸福感与网络成瘾:自尊及自我控制的中介作用

以1551名初高中生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨主观幸福感与网络成瘾的关系,以及自尊及自我控制在其中的中介效应。结果表明:(1)主观幸福感与自尊、自我控制能力之间显著正相关,且均与网络成瘾显著负相关;(2)青少年的主观幸福感水平显著负向影响其网络成瘾,而且还通过自尊和自我控制间接影响青少年的网络成瘾,并且间接效应更加明显;(3)在主观幸福感作用于网络成瘾的关系中,自尊及自我控制单独作用时的中介效应一般,但是当两者联合作用时中介效应大幅增加。     

Positive perception of time and its association with successful ageing / Percepción positiva del tiempo y su relación con el envejecimiento exitoso

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between perception of time and indicators of successful ageing. The study evaluated preference in temporal orientation, perception of speed of the passage of time and a wide range of psychosocial well-being and health indicators. The sample consisted of 1,178 people aged over 60 years from the ELES longitudinal study, which was representative of the Spanish population. Results showed that: (a) the majority of people of all ages are oriented to the present, although as they become older there is a shift towards the past; (b) orientation to the present implies higher levels of well-being and health, as opposed to orientation to the past; and (c) a perception of a faster passage of time is associated with well-being. In conclusion, the way in which older people perceive time is an indicator of adaptation, well-being and health.     

Emotional autonomy and adjustment among emerging adults: The moderating role of family relationships

Emerging adults build their personal maturity within the family context; however, few studies focus on the role of emotional autonomy during this stage. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional autonomy and adjustment during emerging adulthood, bearing in mind the possible moderating role of parental support in this relationship. Data were collected from 1,502 Spanish undergraduate students (903 women) aged between 18 and 29. Participants completed measures of emotional autonomy (EAS, Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986), family social support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988), psychological well-being (PWBS; Ryff, Lee, Essex & Schmutte, 1995) and psychological distress (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The results indicate that emotional autonomy correlates negatively with family support and psychological well-being and positively with psychological distress. However, only when young people perceive a family context with low social support is gaining emotional distance from their parents associated with an increase in their psychological well-being. Our findings highlight the crucial role that the family environment plays in well-being during young adulthood, and reveal that the effect of emotional distancing from parents on adjustment depends on the quality of the family climate. Future research should seek to gain greater insight into emotional autonomy during emerging adulthood, taking into account cross-cultural diversity.     

幼儿教师职业幸福感的特点及其与职业承诺的关系

为探索幼儿教师职业幸福感的特点及其与职业承诺的关系,随机选取川渝两地幼儿教师533名,用修编的幼儿教师职业幸福感量表（KTOWBS）和教师职业承诺问卷（TOCS）进行调查。结果表明：（1）除认知幸福感外,幼儿教师职业幸福感整体水平较高。其中,城市幼儿教师的心理幸福感和情绪幸福感显著高于农村,公办园幼儿教师的社会幸福感显著高于民办园;（2）月薪超过1000元的幼儿教师其社会幸福感显著高于月薪低于1000元者,月薪超过2000元者其心理幸福感、情绪幸福感和认知幸福感显著高于月薪低于2000元者,但心理幸福感随日工作时间增加而降低;（3）幼儿教师职业幸福感各因子与情感承诺、规范承诺和继续承诺存在不同关系。分层线性回归分析显示,社会幸福感、认知幸福感、情绪幸福感和心理幸福感对情感承诺的正向预测作用为17%,认知幸福感和社会幸福感对规范承诺的正向预测作用为7%,社会幸福感对继续承诺的正向预测作用为1%。     

工作自主性对中小学教师幸福感的影响：工作重塑与工作家庭平衡的链式中介效应

采用问卷法调查了997名中小学教师,考量工作自主性与中小学教师幸福感之间的关系,检验工作重塑和工作家庭平衡在其中的中介作用。结果显示：工作自主性不仅对中小学教师幸福感具有显著直接影响,且能通过工作重塑与工作家庭平衡各自的中介效应及二者的链式中介效应三条路径,对幸福感产生间接影响。