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91.
Lisa J. Meltzer James R. Rodrigue 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(3):173-180
Although organ transplantation represents a stressful experience for the entire family, surprisingly little research has focused on the adjustment of caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine what caregivers report to be the greatest benefits and stressors pretransplant, the prevalence of psychological distress and caregiver strain in pretransplant caregivers as compared to normative populations, and the physical, psychological, and demographic variables that predict distress. Fifty-two caregivers of transplant candidates (28 liver and 24 lung) completed a series of questionnaires, including the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR), SF-36 Health Survey, Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), and qualitative questions about benefits and stressors. The most commonly reported benefit of being a caregiver could be categorized as Helping the Patient, and the most common stressors were associated with Uncertainty/Waiting/Fears. Compared to normative samples of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, caregivers of liver transplant candidates reported more caregiver strain; there were no differences for lung transplant caregivers. Caregiver social functioning was found to be the only significant predictor of caregiver distress, with those caregivers who report greater distress also reporting extreme and frequent interference with normal social activities. Implications of these findings for psychological interventions are discussed. 相似文献
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Clifford L. Broman V. Lee Hamilton William S. Hoffman Roya Mavaddat 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(6):813-842
A three-wave panel study of auto plant closings focused on the mental health effects of unemployment on blue-collar workers.
This paper explores how the impact of long-term unemployment varies across race and gender. We also examine whether other
demographic factors can themselves modify the impactsof race and gender. Dependent variables include two measures of distress
and two drinking measures. Results showed that the effect of long-term unemployment on distress and drinking was more severe
among less educated workers, and responses of blacks were especially sensitive to level of education. In addition, men showed
a greater association of long-term unemployment with depression (and to some extent anxiety) than did women. Marriage affected
the responses of men but not of women, and of whites but not of blacks. Explanatory variables—the worker's experiences of
financial hardship, other negative life events, and lack of a confidant—largely accounted for male-female differences. We
conclude by discussing theoretical implications of these effects and address the limitations of the traditional term “vulnerability”
in describing them.
A prior version of this paper was presented at the North Central Sociological Association meeting in Dearborn, Michigan, April
25, 1991. Funds for the research were provided by the Michigan Health Care Research and Education Foundation and by the International
Union-UAW. We are especially grateful to the men and women of the UAW, whose experiences and views form this investigation.
We thank Kiseon Chung, Scott McKearney, David Rauma, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts. 相似文献
94.
Mary Elizabeth Rauktis Gary F. Koeske Olga Tereshko 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(2):279-299
Investigated both positive and negative social interactions and their effect on mental health for 106 individuals caring for
a seriously mentally ill family member. Results from mixed-model (hierarchial and stepwise) multiple regression analyses in
which caregiver age, socioeconomic status, caregiving demand, and severity of patient symptoms was controlled showed that
negative social interaction accounted for a significant portion of variance in the caregivers' feelings of distress and depression.
Moderated multiple regression analyses showed that under conditions of high negative interaction, the relationship between
demand and distress was intensified. Implications of these findings for the conceptualization and measurement of negative
social interaction as well as its clinical implications were discussed.
The research for this paper was supported by funds from the Provost's office, University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work.
The authors thank the Pennsylvania Alliance for the Mentally Ill for their support of, and participation in, the study. 相似文献
95.
The degree to which infant and maternal characteristics were related to maternal psychological distress and play competence was examined in 40 mother preterm and full-term dyads. Measures of maternal psychological distress, self-efficacy, infant temperament, and mother-infant interaction in a play situation, were obtained at 4 months corrected for prematurity. Results revealed that maternal self-efficacy was the strongest correlate of maternal psychological distress but was not related to maternal play competence. Interaction effects for unadaptable temperament and infant behavioral involvement were found in the regressions predicting both maternal psychological distress and maternal play competence. Mothers of more adaptable and less behaviorally involved infants reported greater psychological distress and exhibited greater play competence than mothers of more adaptable and involved infants. The results suggest that a lack of concordance between mothers' perceptions of their infants' behavior and actual behavioral experiences adversely affects mothers' affect and the quality of their play interactions. 相似文献
96.
To identify correlates of psychological distress among multiple indicators, 99 women with adult children suffering from a psychotic disorder were interviewed. The women, who were recruited through hospitals and self-help groups, represented different socioeconomic levels. A face-to-face standardized interview was conducted, mainly in the participants' homes. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that dimensions of burden and social support were strongly associated with distress reported by the participants. The negative interactions that participants had with their main confidant or spouse constituted a more powerful correlate than their perception of the quality of this relationship. Furthermore, a perception of their own health as poorer is a strong correlate of their distress. Since no control group was studied simultaneously, these results suggest, but do not prove, the presence of differences between mothers of adults with psychotic disorders and other mothers. 相似文献
97.
Danny R. Hoyt Rand D. Conger Jill Gaffney Valde Karen Weihs 《American journal of community psychology》1997,25(4):449-470
The implications of exposure to acute and chronic stressors, and seeking mental health care, for increased psychological distress are examined. Research on economic stress, psychological distress, and rural agrarian values each point to increasing variability within rural areas. Using data from a panel study of 1,487 adults, a model predicting changes in depressive symptoms was specified and tested. Results show effects by size of place for men but not for women. Men living in rural villages of under 2,500 or in small towns of 2,500 to 9,999 people had significantly greater increases in depressive symptoms than men living in the country or in larger towns or cities. Size of place was also related to level of stigma toward mental health care. Persons living in the most rural environments were more likely to hold stigmatized attitudes toward mental health care and these views were strongly predictive of willingness to seek care. The combination of increased risk and less willingness to seek assistance places men living in small towns and villages in particular jeopardy for continuing problems involving depressed mood. 相似文献
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运用追踪设计和分层回归分析, 探究了281名儿童6个月和14个月时的受限后沮丧、恐惧和微笑大笑如何影响24个月时父母养育方式, 以及这种影响是否随儿童年龄增长而变化。研究结果显示:(1)6个月时, 仅受限后沮丧能正向预测24个月时母亲严厉的养育方式, 14个月时受限后沮丧仍能正向预测母亲的严厉, 恐惧也能正向预测母亲的保护担忧, 而微笑大笑能正向预测母亲的接受, 负向预测母亲的严厉和保护担忧;(2)6个月时, 儿童的受限后沮丧能正向预测24个月时父亲的严厉和保护担忧, 14个月儿童的受限后沮丧仍能正向预测24个月时父亲的严厉。 相似文献