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871.
Stimulus Equivalence: Effects Of A Default-response Option On Emergence Of Untrained Stimulus Relations 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
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Innis A Lane S Miller E Critchfield T 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1998,70(1):87-102
Human subjects were exposed to a concurrent-chains schedule in which reinforcer amounts, delays, or both were varied in the terminal links, and consummatory responses were required to receive points that were later exchangeable for money. Two independent variable-interval 30-s schedules were in effect during the initial links, and delay periods were defined by fixed-time schedules. In Experiment 1, subjects were exposed to three different pairs of reinforcer amounts and delays, and sensitivity to reinforcer amount and delay was determined based on the generalized matching law. The relative responding (choice) of most subjects was more sensitive to reinforcer amount than to reinforcer delay. In Experiment 2, subjects chose between immediate smaller reinforcers and delayed larger reinforcers in five conditions with and without timeout periods that followed a shorter delay, in which reinforcer amounts and delays were combined to make different predictions based on local reinforcement density (i.e., points per delay) or overall reinforcement density (i.e., points per total time). In most conditions, subjects' choices were qualitatively in accord with the predictions from the overall reinforcement density calculated by the ratio of reinforcer amount and total time. Therefore, the overall reinforcement density appears to influence the preference of humans in the present self-control choice situation. 相似文献
872.
《Zygon》1998,33(1):155-164
Thomas Ryba, The Essence of Phenomenology and Its Meaning for the Scientific Study of Religion
Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meaning of Life
Edited by Clifford N. Matthews and Roy A. Varghese, Cosmic Beginnings and Human Ends: Where Science and Religion Meet 相似文献
Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meaning of Life
Edited by Clifford N. Matthews and Roy A. Varghese, Cosmic Beginnings and Human Ends: Where Science and Religion Meet 相似文献
873.
“以毒攻毒”与中西医结合研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
陈士奎 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1998,19(4):186-188
“以毒攻毒”是中医药学一个重要医理和治则。本文介绍了国内外有关“以毒攻毒”的研究进展,以及具有“以毒攻毒”特点的医药研究状况。特别是德国细菌学家贝林等,研制成功破伤风和白喉抗毒素。我国学者张亭栋教授与陈竺教授,继承发掘中药砒霜治疗世界性难治病—急性早幼粒细胞白血病,取得国际领先水平的科研成果等等,表明中西医结合研究是继承发展中医药学的有效方法和途径。 相似文献
874.
Many results concerning the equivalence between a syntactic form of formulas and a model theoretic conditions are proven directly without using any form of a continuum hypothesis. In particular, it is demonstrated that any reduced product sentence is equivalent to a Horn sentence. Moreover, in any first order language without equality one now has that a reduced product sentence is equivalent to a Horn sentence and any sentence is equivalent to a Boolean combination of Horn sentences. 相似文献
875.
A. Polikarov 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1998,29(2):225-244
The basic (negative and positive) methodological maxims of three currents of philosophy of science (logical empiricism, falsificationism,
and postpositivism) are formulated. Many of these maxims (stratagems) are controversial, e.g., the stance about the nonsense
of metaphysics, and that of its indispensability. The restricted validity of these maxims allows for their unification. Within
the framework of most of them there may be a relationship of (synchronic, or diachronic) subordination of the contradicting
desiderata. In this vein ten stratagems are formulated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
876.
本研究以现代教育心理学体系为框架,采用资料整理法,对梁启超的学习心理学思想进行了分析归纳。从中可以看出,梁启超重视学习兴趣,并把无所为、不息、深入研究、找朋友作为保持兴趣的方法;认为做学问的人应具备明敏、密察、别裁、通方等能力和忠实、深切、敬慎、不倦的习惯;并总结出了立志、善观、持敬、明义理、养成读书兴趣等学习方法。 相似文献
877.
Thomas A Holland Roger N Blakeney Michael T Matteson Joseph P Schnitzen 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1974,5(1):23-29
Significant relationships between the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) were again empirically demonstrated in this study, and conversion equations were developed to use standard scores of SVIB scales, rather than items, to produce estimates of VPI scores. Cross validation on a limited population yielded supportive evidence that these conversion equations can provide meaningful VPI estimates from SVIB scale scores. The need for validation across a variety of populations was underscored in order to assess further generalizability of these findings. 相似文献
878.
879.
Women in four high-status, male-dominated professions—architecture, law, medicine, and psychology—are described in terms of a variety of historical, social, and career variables. The women share common antecedents of their vocational choices and similar perceptions of their work, but the occupational groups are dissimilar on a number of dimensions. Psychologists stand in particular contrast to the other three groups of professionals, describing experiences and career patterns less in conflict with stereotypic female roles. These contrasts may reflect differences in the sex-typed characterizations of the professions even though all are male-dominated. 相似文献
880.