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191.
Research on personality and adiposity has focused primarily on Western samples; less is known about the personality correlates of BMI in Asian populations. We examined the association between personality and body mass index (BMI) among community-dwelling Japanese adults (N = 380), Chinese adolescents (N = 5882), and a meta-analysis inclusive of a published Korean sample (total N = 10,304). In the new samples and meta-analysis, Extraversion and Agreeableness were associated with higher BMI among men. In contrast to what is often found in Western samples, Conscientiousness was mostly unrelated to adiposity. These findings link pro-social tendencies to overweight among Asian men; Conscientiousness may be less relevant for BMI in Eastern societies with a low prevalence of obesity and strong social norms for eating but not thinness. 相似文献
192.
拟合指数检验是评价结构方程模型(SEM)的重要环节。从协方差结构分析的角度将SEM与传统的回归模型比较,容易理解为什么SEM需要拟合指数。揭示了目前几种流行的拟合指数检验的实质:基于卡方的绝对拟合指数(如RMSEA)检验的实质是重新设定卡方检验的显著性水平(不同于通常的.05),相对拟合指数(如NNFI和CFI)检验的实质是基于虚模型设定均方(卡方与自由度之比)降低到的比例;在NNFI大于临界值后,报告和检验CFI是不必要的。根据研究结果提出了一些方便实用的拟合检验建议。 相似文献
193.
Ekaterina N. Kornilaki 《Infant and child development》2015,24(4):365-378
The aim of this study was to examine how children perceive their body size and whether their actual or perceived body size can explain their anti‐fat views. Four hundred and fourteen 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10‐year‐old children were read short vignettes depicting two characters, one possessing a positive and the other a negative quality. Following each vignette, participants were asked to pick the story characters among thin, average and obese figures. Obesity bias was defined as the attribution of the positive quality to the thin or average figure and the corresponding negative one to the obese. Body mass index determined children's actual body size. Perceived body size was determined with the use of Collins' (1991) figures of increasing size. The results showed that actual body size affected the accuracy of perceived body size. While the majority of average children were accurate at identifying their body size, most overweight and obese children tended to underestimate it. The accuracy of body size perception improved with age. Obesity bias did not relate to children's actual but to their perceived body size: Those who perceived themselves as heavier exhibited less bias. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to children's developing identity, and suggestions are made for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
194.
By a Test–Retest procedure, this study explores the long-term stability of the French WISC-IV index scores. The average Test–Retest interval was 2.33 years. The sample consisted of 96 non-clinical children aged between 8 and 12 years. Mean difference between the two testings was not statistically significant for VCI, PRI, WMI, GAI and FSIQ. Test–Retest reliability correlations between the two assessments are high for VCI, GAI and FSIQ (ranging from .81 to .82). An analysis of the performance differences between two assessments indicates intra-individual stability for WMI and GAI. In sum, only GAI demonstrates reliable long-term stability at an inter-and intra-individual level. 相似文献
195.
Holly Ellingwood Rebecca Mugford Craig Bennell Tamara Melnyk Katarina Fritzon 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2013,10(1):1-27
When relying on crime scene behaviours to link serial crimes, linking accuracy may be influenced by the measure used to assess across‐crime similarity and the types of behaviours included in the analysis. To examine these issues, the present study compared the level of linking accuracy achieved by using the simple matching index (S) to that of the commonly used Jaccard's coefficient (J) across themes of arson behaviour. The data consisted of 42 crime scene behaviours, separated into three behavioural themes, which were exhibited by 37 offenders across 114 solved arsons. The results of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis indicate that, with the exception of one theme where S was more effective than J at discriminating between linked and unlinked crimes, no significant differences emerged between the two similarity measures. In addition, our results suggest that thematically unrelated behaviours can be used to link crimes with the same degree of accuracy as thematically related behaviours, potentially calling into the question the importance of theme‐based approaches to behavioural linkage analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
196.
Television programs portray characters with idealized body types that for most viewers are unattainable. These body types have become a common source of comparison for many young viewers who evaluate their own self-worth and bodies based on the models they see on television. This study examines body weight, both in terms of frequency and portrayals, focusing on how preadolescent and adolescent characters’ bodies are presented on the sitcoms from three children's television networks. The results indicate that while children's situation comedies have relatively few overweight characters, this small percentage closely parallels national figures. Male and female characters do not differ in their distribution across weight categories. However, when character ethnicity is factored, significant shifts occur. Surprisingly, no differences were observed in the portrayal of physical and mental attributes among weight categories except in social popularity where overweight characters were not as embedded in social networks. Compared to other relevant studies, this research provides some evidence that the treatment and portrayal of overweight characters in children-targeted sitcoms is more positive, equitable, and less stereotypical than in other programming venues and that children are experiencing body type diversity in these fictional portrayals. Nonetheless, above average weight characters still suffer some social marginality and ethnic misrepresentation. 相似文献
197.
关于重要性的隐喻存在于多种文化之中。近年来的实证研究表明, 重要性的隐喻建立在重量的身体体验之上。重量的身体经验会影响对目标对象重要性的评估, 重要性的概念表征也会影响身体的重量感知。重量的身体体验与重要性的概念可能存在着共同的神经基础, 并构成一种相互作用的关系。具身视角下的概念表征理论和隐喻理论为解释这一现象提供了理论依据。未来的研究需要进一步探索重量隐喻涉及的范围, 以及重量隐喻形成的语言文化差异。 相似文献
198.
2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的系统论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用系统论的观点分析2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的整体观、动态相关性和最优化原则,提出2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的概念框架,为全面、系统评价2型糖尿病的医疗后果和提出优化医疗方案提供科学依据. 相似文献
199.
200.
Ruth M. Ford Sarah Griffiths Kerryn Neulinger Glenda Andrews David H. K. Shum Peter H. Gray 《Child neuropsychology》2017,23(8):954-979
Relatively little is known about episodic memory (EM: memory for personally-experienced events) and prospective memory (PM: memory for intended actions) in children born very preterm (VP) or with very low birth weight (VLBW). This study evaluates EM and PM in mainstream-schooled 7- to 9-year-olds born VP (≤ 32 weeks) and/or VLBW (< 1500 g) and matches full-term children for comparison (n = 35 and n = 37, respectively). Additionally, participants were assessed for verbal and non-verbal ability, executive function (EF), and theory of mind (ToM). The results show that the VP/VLBW children were outperformed by the full-term children on the memory tests overall, with a significant univariate group difference in PM. Moreover, within the VP/VLBW group, the measures of PM, verbal ability and working memory all displayed reliable negative correlations with severity of neonatal illness. PM was found to be independent of EM and cognitive functioning, suggesting that this form of memory might constitute a domain of specific vulnerability for VP/VLBW children. 相似文献