隔区或皮质顶叶损毁对大鼠空间认知能力的影响及大鼠搜索策略差异的研究

本研究的目的是探讨隔区或皮质顶叶在大鼠空间认知加工中的作用。实验观察到隔区或皮质顶叶损毁大鼠Morris迷宫学习或记忆作业成绩显著低于控制组,并发现隔区损毁大鼠主要采用与皮质顶叶或控制组不同的“非国类”搜索策略。搜索策略的差异提示:隔区和皮质顶叶在大鼠图认知加工系统中处于不同的功能层次,隔区具有更重要的作用。     

Development of the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire

This article describes the development and psychometric properties of a measure designed to assess the treatment acceptability of psychological treatments for both adult and child populations. Initial evidence on the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire (TAQ) indicates that it has a good internal consistency and test-retest stability (over a 3-week period). The pattern of correlations with other measures of treatment acceptability for child-oriented interventions provides evidence of concurrent validity. Suggestions are made regarding the further validation and use of the TAQ.     

团体儿童智力测验（GITC）全国城市常模的制订

论文阐述了制订团体儿童智力测验（ＴｈｅＧｒｏｕｐＩｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅＴｅｓｔｆｏｒＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ,简称ＧＩＴＣ）全国城市常模的过程。分布在全国各地的协作组成员对随机抽取的年龄在９岁至１８岁范围内的３９１６名中小学生施行了本测验。论文对施测结果进行了分析并报告了有关全国常模的基本信息。     

On the robustness of maximum likelihood scaling for violations of the error model

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to investigate the robustness of the assumed error distribution in maximum likelihood estimation models for multidimensional scaling. Data sets generated according to the lognormal, the normal, and the rectangular distribution were analysed with the log-normal error model in Ramsay's MULTISCALE program package. The results show that violations of the assumed error distribution have virtually no effect on the estimated distance parameters. In a comparison among several dimensionality tests, the corrected version of thex ² test, as proposed by Ramsay, yielded the best results, and turned out to be quite robust against violations of the error model.     

The relationship between Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test: A bayesian perspective

It is demonstrated in this paper that two major tests for 2 × 2 talbes are highly related from a Bayesian perspective. Although it is well-known that Fisher's exact and Pearson's chi-square tests are asymptotically equivalent, the present analysis shows that a formal similarity also exists in small samples. The key assumption that leads to the resemblance is the presence of a continuous parameter measuring association. In particular, it is shown that Pearson's probability can be obtained by integrating a two-moment approximation to the posterior distribution of the log-odds ratio. Furthermore, Pearson's chi-square test gave an excellent approximation to the actual Bayes probability in all 2×2 tables examined, except for those with extremely disproportionate marginal frequencies.     

应激对大鼠行为和部分脑区谷氨酸含量的影响

以旷场试验法测定动物在急、慢性躯体性和心理性应激时的行为变化,以快速断头冷冻匀浆法,用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ－８３５氨基酸分析仪测定应激各期视皮层、海马、下丘脑、小脑谷氨酸含量。并对正常动物经侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４后观察行为变化。结果显示,急性应激期动物行为活动增加,慢性应激期减少：应激时,大鼠部分脑区的谷氨酸含量与对照组相比在不同时期呈显著性差异;侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４提示行为活动减弱可能与脑内Ｇｌｕ系统的活动有关。     

模糊再认（FR）判断—元记忆领域的新方法

Ｈａｒｔ所开创的ＦＯＫ研究范式表明,在记忆的提取阶段由客体水平的回忆能引起元水平ＦＯＫ判断,但历来的研究都忽略了由再认也能引起一种元记忆判断,这就是“模糊再认判断”（即ＦＲ判断）．本文论述了ＦＲ判断的概念,特性和研究方法并加以实验验证．ＦＲ判断发生在记忆提取阶段,有着与ＦＯＫ判断同等重要的研究价值和相似的研究方法．ＦＲ研究范式给予元记忆研究以新的思想和方法．     

A psychometric examination of the multidimensional perfectionism scale

The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), developed by Frost, Marten, Lahart, and Rosenblate (1990), was constructed using an all female sample at an elite university. This study examined the psychometric properties of the instrument using a more typical sample (n=278) of college students from a large state university and a small liberal arts college, both located in the South. Significant differences were found on the overall MPS score as well as six of the seven subscales between this sample and that of Frostet al. No gender differences were found for any of the MPS scores. Internal reliability was found to be .88 for the total score, with subtests ranging from .57 to .95. Interscore correlations were relatively consistent with the Frostet al. sample except for a negative correlation between the PS subscale and the total score. There was a strong confirmation of the underlying factor structure reported by Frostet al. The overall impression was that the MPS is a psychometrically sound instrument of potential value in studying the construct of perfectionism.     

Maternal attitudes during pregnancy predict mother-infant physical proximity six months after birth

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing maternal attitudes. Three photographs representing infants or mother-infant dyads were presented to 26 mothers in the second half of pregnancy and six months after birth. Nine mothers were clinical cases, seventeen mothers were nonpathological controls. Thirty-three semantic categories were used to code the mothers' responses to the pictures. Mothers' responses were coded independently by two researchers. The factor analysis of the codes yielded an ‘attraction to, vs rejection of, children’ factor. Compared with the control group, the mean factor score of the clinical group was significantly lower, i. e. reflected less attraction (p < 0.01). To study the relation between the attraction factor and the physical proximity of mothers and infants, 21 of these mother-infant dyads were videotaped in a semi-structured play interaction six months after birth. Recordings were coded independently by two researchers for various indices of proximity (spatial proximity, kisses, embraces, touches). The factor analysis of the codes yielded a factor contrasting distant vs close and tender interaction. A significant correlation was found between the attraction scores of pregnant women and the proximity scores of mother-infant interaction (r = 0.46; p < 0.05). These results suggest that this instrument is useful in assessing maternal attitudes of psychiatrically disturbed pregnant women and that maternal attitudes of pregnant women are significant predictors of physical proximity in motherinfant interaction at the end of the first semester.     

Attention in the pigeon: a reevaluation

During training sessions, pigeons were successively exposed to compounds consisting of a white triangle on a red background and a white circle on a green background. Key pecking intermittently produced grain reinforcers in the presence of one form-color compound. Once key pecking was confined to the compound associated with reinforcement, the elements—red, green, triangle, and circle—were presented during a test in which no reinforcement was available. Each bird pecked nearly exclusively in the presence of the color previously associated with reinforcement, a result that might be interpreted as indicating that the subjects had attended to color, but not form during training. Pecking was next reinforced when either the triangle or the circle was present. Pecking in the presence of the form previously associated with reinforcement was acquired more rapidly. This result suggests that the birds had learned about the forms during training, and that conclusions about attention based on the lack of differential pecking in the nonreinforcement test may not be appropriate.