From Publics to Practitioners: Invention Power and Open Technoscience

Abstract

In technoscientific conditions what counts as knowledge creation is not primarily the individual experimental achievement that gives coherence to scientific practice and separates science from its publics; rather, it is a form of dispersed experimentation in more than human worlds: distributed invention power. Distributed invention power is organised and regulated through the pervasive securitisation of technoscience: surveillance and control of technoscientific fields as well as financialisation of its activities and research outputs. The securitisation of science reorders the traditional split between the public sphere, the private sector and the commons. The folding of each one of these spheres into the other underlies a constant, often antagonistic, oscillation between big science and open science. What is constitutive of the diverse movements that sustain open technoscience is not that they challenge technoscience as such but that they experiment with technoscience to create alternative forms of life.     

骨髓捐献人中途拒捐的民事责任探析——基于信赖保护的视角

基于捐献行为的公益性、单务性和人身性,各国法律赋予捐献人任意撤销权,但是出于对捐献人允诺的信赖而改变自身处境的接受人利益也应该得到保护.从信赖保护的视角出发,在血型高分辨检测之前,捐献人一旦签订了捐献协议,即负有保护接受人信赖利益的义务,捐献人虽然有权中途拒捐,但应当承担信赖赔偿责任.     

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Gender Factors Contributing to Long-Term Marital Satisfaction

Abstract

This article reports on the major findings of a cross-cultural study comparing long-term marital satisfaction between Caucasian couples and Chinese couples in Canada. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used to screen couples' marital satisfaction. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted individually and jointly with the screened couples to explore their meanings and experiences of marital satisfaction. With the use of narrative analysis, the study illuminates how couples constructed their gender relationships to achieve marital satisfaction over a long course of thirty to thirty-six years according to their sociocultural contexts. The similarities and differences in how the two cultural groups' respondents constructed their long-term marital satisfaction are discussed in terms of: (1) household division of labour, (2) decision-making, (3) conflict and compromise, and (4) mutuality.     

Main and moderating effects of self-control,organizational justice,and emotional labour on counterproductive behaviour at work

Abstract

Considerable attention has been devoted recently to changes in the psychological contract and the implications for HRM. However, much of our understanding of both the socio-cognitive processes involved in the contracting process and the ability of national HRM systems to accommodate the new demands of psychological contracting is accultural or unicultural. This article reviews the content, process, and context of changes in the contract within Europe. A model of the relationship between national culture and other cross-national factors and the process of contracting is developed.     

Effect of Sensory Deprivation on Maximal Force Abilities from Local to Non-local Digits

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of sensory deprivation of the index and middle finger on motor function of all digits during maximal voluntary force production tasks. A total of 27 subjects performed maximal isometric pressing tasks by using different instructed finger combinations. Subjects completed the same tasks in two visits: a control visit when they had normal sensory feedback in all fingers, and an anesthesia visit when digital nerve blocks were performed on their right index and middle fingers. We evaluated three aspects of motor adaptation on both local (anesthetized) and non-local (non-anesthetized) digits during maximal force production: (1) task-relevant and overall force magnitude, (2) force directional application, and (3) digital individuation and force sharing. Our results indicate that selective digital anesthesia resulted in decreased maximal force magnitude, changed direction of force production, and significant changes extended to non-local digits. The motor weakness and inefficiency revealed in the non-local digits implies that sensory information from each digit can be shared across the digits to assist motor execution within the same hand.     

恢复强制婚检的必要性和可行性分析

我国自2003年10月1日开始施行自愿婚检。从我国现实国情出发,阐述了恢复强制婚检的必要性,并结合法理解释及过去对强制婚检争议的焦点问题进行一一剖析,以说明恢复强制婚检的现实可行性。     

流行病防控的伦理分析

目前学界对流行病防控的伦理探讨尚十分欠缺,而现有的生命医学伦理学理论不能较好地解决流行病防控中的伦理问题,应用伦理学亟需对流行病防控做出伦理回应。流行病防控中主要涉及隐私、自由和正义三个方面的伦理问题,亦即个人权利或自由与公共健康的冲突问题。流行病防控对个人行为的家长主义干预,特别是对个人自愿自涉行为的强家长主义干预必须得到伦理证明。流行病防控与社会正义和人权也有十分密切的关系,促进正义与保护人权是流行病防控的应有之意。     

雇员主动离职心理动因模型评述

在介绍雇员离职研究背景和意义的基础上,重点对1980年后雇员主动离职研究中4个有代表性的心理动因模型──Steers 和Mowday(1981)模型、Sheridan(1983)模型、Lee和Mitchell(1994)模型以及Price(2000)模型进行了细致的评述,并对主动离职心理动因模型的发展方向提出了一些看法。     

Participation in Voluntary Associations: Relations with Resources, Personality, and Political Values

Participation in voluntary associations is explained by different theories in sociology, psychology, and political science. Sociologists have emphasized the effects of resources such as human and social capital. Psychologists have demonstrated the role of empathy and extraversion as aspects of personality. Political scientists have considered political values and attitudes. This paper investigates the predictive value of personality characteristics, political values, and social conditions for civic engagement. Data from the Family Survey of the Dutch Population 2000 (n = 1,587) show that active citizens have more human and social capital available to them, they are more interested in politics, have more post materialistic value orientations, prefer leftist or Christian political parties, are less conscientious persons, and show more empathic concern with other people. Relations of personality characteristics with civic engagement were partly intermediated by church attendance and the level of education and varied in complex ways with hourly wages. My results show how social, political, and psychological characteristics are jointly related to civic engagement.     

Unravelling the dynamics and trends of social capital: Case of South Korea

Analyzing the World Values Surveys, the present study reveals how Korean people trust their fellow citizens and participate in associations in the process of democratization. It has been argued that trust and participation in voluntary associations go hand in hand. Although results revealed a remarkable growth of participation in voluntary associations since democratization, the level of trust has not increased. Instead, it declined sharply during the same period. A further analysis found no obvious connection between levels of civic activism and interpersonal trust, as suggested in the theoretical literature. Contrary to what has been argued in the literature, face-to-face interactions within voluntary associations have not occasioned these civic activists in Korea to greater trust in one another.