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271.
从心血管疾病的美国模式看肿瘤的中国模式 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,心脑血管疾病和癌症的死亡率在世界范围内已上升至前三位。自从美国通过改变生活方式,以控制心血管疾病的方针以来,心血管疾病的患病率减少了50%,死亡率降低了25%,人们称之为心血管疾病的美国模式。与此相应的是上海市癌症俱乐部提出了“群体抗癌”的新模式,倡导了“第四医学”和“第三人生”的新理论,10年努力的结果,使癌症患者的5年生存率延长了3倍,10年生存率延长了2-3倍,创造了癌症康复的中国模 相似文献
272.
The publication of Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI) by Christensen in 1975 introduced Luria's evaluation procedures to worldwide neuropsychology. The LNI demonstrated the benefit of a thorough qualitative analysis of an individual patient's functioning as well as the usefulness of a comprehensive theory of brain functioning. This article reviews the experiences that led to the development of the LNI, discusses its use and extension in Scandinavian countries, and presents clinical and research applications of the LNI in diagnosis and rehabilitation. A series of case examples provides justification and validity for the continued use of the LNI and related procedures. Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the LNI and consideration of possible modifications of the procedures and interpretative methods provide the rationale for continued development of Luria's approach. 相似文献
273.
274.
Rosamond Gianutsos 《Neuropsychology review》1990,1(1):21-30
The process of coma emergence is defined and important issues are identified. Rehabilitative goals for persons emerging from coma are best served by a focus on their response capabilities, rather than sensory stimulation. A method called response system analysis is described to guide assessment and treatment of response capabilities. 相似文献
275.
Vocational choice: A decision making perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Henry Sauermann 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2005,66(2):273-303
We propose a model of vocational choice that can be used for analyzing and guiding the decision processes underlying career and job choices. Our model is based on research in behavioral decision making (BDM), in particular the choice goals framework developed by Bettman, Luce, and Payne (1998). The basic model involves two major processes. First, the selection of a decision strategy according to four choice goals: maximizing decision accuracy, minimizing cognitive effort, minimizing negative emotion, and maximizing justifiability of the decision. Second, the construction of situation-specific preferences, which can reflect irrelevant task and context factors such as the evaluation mode. This basic model is extended to account for social influences and the long decision time typical of most career and job decisions. We review research on vocational choice in light of this model, discuss normative implications for counseling, and outline a research agenda for studying vocational choice from a behavioral decision making perspective. 相似文献
276.
中国卒中单元的模式探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
卒中单元是针对急性卒中病人综合性治疗和康复的医疗单元,循证医学证据表明卒中单元是目前脑卒中治疗的最有效措施,建立有中国特色的卒中单元是我国目前脑血管病临床实践的当务之急。我们应该因地制宜,建立符合中国国情的卒中单元模式,卒中的早期康复治疗中应包括针灸疗法。 相似文献
277.
The current study investigated interlimb coordination in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during overground walking. The study involved 10 participants with coordination, balance, and gait abnormalities post-TBI, as well as 10 sex- and age-matched healthy control individuals. Participants walked 12 m under two experimental conditions: 1) at self-selected comfortable walking speeds; and 2) with instructions to increase the amplitude and out-of-phase coordination of arm swinging. The gait was assessed with a set of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters including the gait velocity, step length and width, double support time, lateral displacement of the center of mass, the amplitude of horizontal trunk rotation, and angular motions at shoulder and hip joints in sagittal plane. Interlimb coordination (coupling) was analyzed as the relative phase angles between the left and right shoulders, hips, and contralateral shoulders and hips, with an ideal out-of-phase coupling of 180° and ideal in-phase coupling of 0°. The TBI group showed much less interlimb coupling of the above pairs of joint motions than the control group. When participants were required to increase and synchronize arm swinging, coupling between shoulder and hip motions was significantly improved in both groups. Enhanced arm swinging was associated with greater hip and shoulder motion amplitudes, and greater step length. No other significant changes in spatiotemporal or kinematic gait characteristics were found in either group. The results suggest that arm swinging may be a gait parameter that, if controlled properly, can improve interlimb coordination during overground walking in patients with TBI. 相似文献
278.
Biljana van Rijn Mick Cooper Andrew Jackson Ciara Wild 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2017,45(3):268-283
The paper presents an introduction of a newly developed, avatar-based virtual reality therapy, as an addition to the therapeutic programme, within a therapeutic community prison in the UK. The participants had six group sessions facilitated by a counsellor. The aim of the project was to investigate whether this approach would improve mental health outcomes for the prisoners, interpersonal relationships within the prison and facilitate the achievement of personal goals for the prisoners. The sample size (n?=?4) was insufficient to make firm conclusions about the mental health outcomes. However, the qualitative analysis showed a strong engagement with the programme in addressing personal issues, the development of insight and empathy, and improvements in relationships within the participants and with the counsellor. Further research with a larger sample is needed to establish efficacy of this type of therapy with the prison population. 相似文献
279.
280.
Nicolò Francesco Bernardi Maria Cristina Cioffi Roberta Ronchi Angelo Maravita Emanuela Bricolo Luca Zigiotto Laura Perucca Giuseppe Vallar 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(1):135-158
The study assessed whether the auditory reference provided by a music scale could improve spatial exploration of a standard musical instrument keyboard in right‐brain‐damaged patients with left spatial neglect. As performing music scales involves the production of predictable successive pitches, the expectation of the subsequent note may facilitate patients to explore a larger extension of space in the left affected side, during the production of music scales from right to left. Eleven right‐brain‐damaged stroke patients with left spatial neglect, 12 patients without neglect, and 12 age‐matched healthy participants played descending scales on a music keyboard. In a counterbalanced design, the participants' exploratory performance was assessed while producing scales in three feedback conditions: With congruent sound, no‐sound, or random sound feedback provided by the keyboard. The number of keys played and the timing of key press were recorded. Spatial exploration by patients with left neglect was superior with congruent sound feedback, compared to both Silence and Random sound conditions. Both the congruent and incongruent sound conditions were associated with a greater deceleration in all groups. The frame provided by the music scale improves exploration of the left side of space, contralateral to the right hemisphere, damaged in patients with left neglect. Performing a scale with congruent sounds may trigger at some extent preserved auditory and spatial multisensory representations of successive sounds, thus influencing the time course of space scanning, and ultimately resulting in a more extensive spatial exploration. These findings offer new perspectives also for the rehabilitation of the disorder. 相似文献