Terry D. Shoemaker 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2019,22(4):280-290

This article describes a pedagogical response to teaching world religions courses in a post‐truth age. The course assignment and its application, utilized in both online and in‐person formats, bridge student academic pursuits with religious traditions, require students to engage with source‐based journalism, and extend beyond the classroom into many of the contemporary politics encroaching upon the humanities fields. Related to the first, the objective of the assignment is for students to discover that religiosity permeates multiple sectors, both private and public, corresponding with student career paths. As a result, students discover that religion is relevant to their academic pursuits and that they must consider the possibilities of how religion might integrate with their career choices. Regarding the second objective, the assignment develops student digital media literacy skills as a form of civic education that challenges the current political attacks on journalism and factuality. Last, this exercise acknowledges the realities facing many humanities programs across the country and offers this assignment as a way of engaging with those issues within the classroom. See as well, published in this issue of the journal, three short companion essays by Sarah L. Schwarz, Jonathan R. Herman, and Harshita Mruthinti Kamath, each of which analyzes this pedagogical strategy for their particular teaching contexts.  相似文献   

    

Sevda Sar&#x;  Faruk Genz 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2019,19(3):301-310

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Robert Allan 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2019,19(3):206-213

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“Nothing is just smooth or perfect”: What can students learn from intensively reviewing psychotherapy conducted by experienced therapists whilst being focused on emotional processes?     

Elisabeth Schanche  Aslak Hjeltnes  Geir Hstmark Nielsen  Signe Hjelen Stige  Jan Reidar Stiegler 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2019,19(4):366-376

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Matthew Tonkin  Jan Lemeire  Pekka Santtila  Jan M. Winter 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2019,16(2):75-90

This study compared the ability of seven statistical models to distinguish between linked and unlinked crimes. The seven models utilised geographical, temporal, and modus operandi information relating to residential burglaries (n = 180), commercial robberies, (n = 118), and car thefts (n = 376). Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis and by examining the success with which the seven models could successfully prioritise linked over unlinked crimes. The regression‐based and probabilistic models achieved comparable accuracy and were generally more accurate than the tree‐based models tested in this study. The Logistic algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) for residential burglary (AUC = 0.903) and commercial robbery (AUC = 0.830) and the SimpleLogistic algorithm achieving the highest for car theft (AUC = 0.820). The findings also indicated that discrimination accuracy is maximised (in some situations) if behavioural domains are utilised rather than individual crime scene behaviours and that the AUC should not be used as the sole measure of accuracy in behavioural crime linkage research.  相似文献   

    

Morgan L. Widhalm  Nathan S. Rose 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2019,10(1)

We present a focused review on the utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for modulating memory, with a particular focus on multimodal approaches in which TMS is paired with neuroimaging methods (electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to manipulate and measure working memory processes. We contrast the utility of TMS for manipulating memory with other forms of noninvasive brain stimulation, as well as different forms of TMS including single‐pulse, paired‐pulse and repetitive TMS protocols. We discuss the potential for TMS to address fundamental cognitive neuroscience questions about the nature of memory processes and representations, while acknowledging the considerable variability of behavioral and neural outcomes in TMS studies. Also discussed are the limitations of this technology, current advancements that have helped to defray the impact of these limitations, and suggestions for future directions in research and methodology. This article is categorized under:

• Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
• Neuroscience > Cognition
• Psychology > Memory

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Hannah Weinberg‐Wolf  Steve W.C. Chang 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2019,10(4)

Primates must balance the need to monitor other conspecifics to gain social information while not losing other resource opportunities. We consolidate evidence across the fields of primatology, psychology, and neuroscience to examine individual, population, and species differences in how primates, particularly macaques, monitor conspecifics. We particularly consider the role of serotonin in mediating social competency via social attention, aggression, and dominance behaviors. Finally, we consider how the evolution of variation in social tolerance, aggression, and social monitoring might be explained by differences in serotonergic function in macaques. This article is categorized under:

• Economics > Interactive Decision‐Making
• Psychology > Comparative Psychology
• Neuroscience > Behavior
• Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition

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Li Kong  Huiru Cui  Tianhong Zhang  Ya Wang  Jia Huang  Yikang Zhu  Yingying Tang  Christina J. Herold  Johannes Schrder  Eric F. C. Cheung  Raymond C. K. Chan  Jijun Wang 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(2):252-260

Neurological soft signs (NSSs), conventionally defined as subtle neurological abnormalities, are frequently found in individuals with schizophrenia. Many neuroimaging studies have also reported that NSSs are associated with grey matter changes in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of the illness. However, these findings may be confounded by the effect of antipsychotic medications, chronicity, and duration of untreated psychosis. Examining NSSs in individuals with ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis may help to identify the neuroanatomical substrates of NSSs related to the illness itself and to avoid these potential confounding effects. A sample of 21 individuals with UHR were included in the present study. NSSs were rated using the abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory. Grey matter volume was assessed using optimized voxel‐based morphometry on images acquired by a high‐resolution 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We found that higher NSS scores in individuals with UHR were associated with decreased grey matter volume at the superior and medial frontal cortex, the rectal cortex, the pre‐ and post‐central cortex, the insula, the caudate, and the cerebellum. Our results suggest that these brain structural characteristics may represent the neuroanatomical substrate of NSSs in individuals with UHR. These findings contribute to the understanding of the intrinsic features of psychosis associated with NSSs and may provide insights into pre‐schizophrenia pathophysiology.  相似文献   

    

Zhumei Lin  Jing Yu  Liqi Zhu 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(4):513-519

This study aimed to determine whether the “side‐effect effect” existed for both moral and conventional norms in a group of Chinese college students, and whether the norm type (moral or conventional) or the norm status (violating or conforming) resulted in this effect. The experiment used a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design with Norm Type and Norm Status as between‐group factors and with the Blame/Praise Ratings and Intentionality Judgments as dependent variables. Results indicated that the side‐effect effect existed not only in situations involving moral norms, but also in those involving conventional norms. Norm Status was correlated with Intentionality Judgment in both situations involving moral and conventional norms, whereas Blame/Praise Rating was only correlated with the judgments in the moral situation. It turned out that the blame–praise asymmetry could not explain the phenomenon of the “Knobe effect.” Regression analysis showed that norm status, rather than norm type, had a unique predictive effect on people's intentionality judgments. These results support the normative‐reasons explanation, which proposes that foreseeing a harmful effect but not caring about it is the explanatory factor of the Knobe effect.  相似文献   

    

Qianfeng Li  Peilian Chi  Brian J. Hall  Qinglu Wu  Hongfei Du 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(3):307-317

Damaged self‐esteem can explain the negative effects of various job stresses on depressive symptoms of migrant workers. Social support may threaten workers’ self‐esteem in highly stressful environments, and in turn worsen their mental health. This study aimed to examine the indirect role of self‐esteem in the relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms among migrant workers in Macau and whether this indirect effect is modified by social support. A sample of 900 mainland Chinese migrant workers was recruited into the study. Job stress, social support, self‐esteem, and depressive symptoms were measured. Conditional process analysis was used to examine the proposed moderated mediation model. Job stress was associated with depressive symptoms through lower self‐esteem. The indirect effect of job stress on depressive symptoms via decreased self‐esteem was significant among migrant workers with higher levels of social support, but not among migrant workers with lower levels of social support. Our findings suggest that when migrant workers perceive a high level of social support, job stress is more likely to threaten their self‐esteem and in turn increase their risk for depression. Future efforts aimed at promoting the mental health of migrant workers need to tailor interventions to avoid the threatening effect of social support on self‐esteem in job environments with high stress.  相似文献