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211.
212.
视觉意识及其神经机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
视觉意识的神经机制是当前认知神经科学研究的热点问题之一。过去普遍认为视觉信息加工主要有两条通路:腹侧通路和背侧通路;而新近的研究表明还存在不经过初级视觉皮层(V1区)的第三条通路。高级视觉皮层、V1区和皮层下结构都对意识觉知的产生起到了相应的作用。已有的实验证据表明,意识的产生过程异常复杂,仍有很多问题值得继续深入讨论和研究。 相似文献
213.
采用半视野速示术将标准刺激在中间视野呈现,比较刺激以不同偏心视角(3.5°,5°和6.5°)在左或右视野同时呈现,以检查不同偏心视角引起比较刺激知觉辨认难度的改变对汉字大写数字奇-偶概念同/异判断任务在大脑两半球间分布式加工的影响。结果显示:随偏心视角的增大正确反应时和错误百分数均显著提高;三种视角条件下左右手的正确反应时均有明显的右视野(左半球)优势;3.5°视角右视野(左半球)呈现时右手反应明显快于左手,5°视角右视野(左半球)与左视野(右半球)呈现时均为右手反应明显快于左手,6.5°视角右视野(左半球)与左视野(右半球)呈现时均为左手反应明显快于右手。这些结果提示:本研究条件下只有比较刺激在6.5°偏心视角呈现时刺激和反应可能出现大脑两半球间分布式加工,3.5°和5°视角呈现时可能为左半球单独加工。6.5°视角刺激呈现的分布加工明显由于大视角呈现时比较刺激辨认难度与注意要求的提高所致。 相似文献
214.
视觉空间注意的事件相关电位研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
视觉空间注意是心理学多年来一直探讨的问题,也是近来多学科共同关注的领域。在脑机制研究中,事件相关电位(ERP)的研究方法具有高时间分辨率的特点,近年来高密度记录技术的发展,也提高了ERP在功能定位方面的作用,因此其应用日益广泛。该文概述了近年来有关ERP在视觉空间注意研究中的实验方法、结果和初步结论,并就今后研究方向提出了几点看法。 相似文献
215.
位置提示下视觉注意范围的调控机制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究视觉空间注意中不同注意范围引起脑内加工时程的动态变化。使用固定位置的、三种不同直径的线圈作为注意范围的位置性提示,祛除空间定位因素的影响,记录反应时和事件相关电位(ERP)数据。结果显示:在同等注意范围时,随着刺激位置远离视野中心,反应时延长,靶刺激诱发的P1、N1不受刺激位置的影响,而其前部N2的波幅明显受到刺激位置的影响;在靶刺激位置相同时,随着注意范围的扩大,反应时缩短,靶刺激诱发的P1、N1不受提示范围大小的影响,而其前部P2的波幅明显受到注意范围的影响。结果说明:①视觉注意范围信息加工与靶刺激诱发的P2成分相关;②视觉注意诱发的P1、N1成分,主要与注意方位相关,而与注意范围大小无关;③注意范围变化引起注意集中度的调节是在一定范围内进行的。 相似文献
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218.
Alexandra Reis Karl Magnus Petersson Alexandre Castro-Caldas Martin Ingvar 《Brain and cognition》2001,47(3):397-411
The modulatory influence of literacy on the cognitive system of the human brain has been indicated in behavioral, neuroanatomic, and functional neuroimaging studies. In this study we explored the functional consequences of formal education and the acquisition of an alphabetic written language on two- and three-dimensional visual naming. The results show that illiterate subjects perform significantly worse on immediate naming of two-dimensional representations of common everyday objects compared to literate subjects, both in terms of accuracy and reaction times. In contrast, there was no significant difference when the subjects named the corresponding real objects. The results suggest that formal education and learning to read and to write modulate the cognitive process involved in processing two- but not three-dimensional representations of common everyday objects. Both the results of the reaction time and the error pattern analyses can be interpreted as indicating that the major influence of literacy affects the visual system or the interaction between the visual and the language systems. We suggest that the visual system in a wide sense and/or the interface between the visual and the language system are differently formatted in literate and illiterate subjects. In other words, we hypothesize that the pattern of interactions in the functional-anatomical networks subserving visual naming, that is, the interactions within and between the visual and language processing networks, differ in literate and illiterate subjects. 相似文献
219.
Recent experiments have shown that the amplitudes of cortical gamma band oscillatory activities that occur during anesthesia are often greater than amplitudes of similar activities that occur without anesthesia. This result is apparently at odds with the hypothesis that synchronized oscillatory activities constitute the neural correlate of consciousness. We argue that while synchronization and oscillatory patterning are necessary conditions for consciousness, they are not sufficient. Based on the results of a binocular rivalry study of Fries et al. (1997), we propose that the degrees of oscillatory strength and synchronization of neuronal activities determine the degree of awareness those activities produce. On the other hand, the overal firing rates of neurons in cortical sensory areas are not correlated with the degree of awareness the activities of those neurons produce. The results of the experiment of Fries et al. (1997) appear to conflict with the results of another binocular rivalry experiment, in which monkeys were trained to pull a lever in order to report which stimulus object was being perceived (Leopold & Logothetis, 1996). In the latter experiment, it was demonstrated that the firing rates of neurons in striate cortex did not change during perceptual alterations, while 90% of neurons in inferior and superior temporal cortices changed their firing rate when the perceived image changed. This result led to the conclusion that activities in temporal cortex are correlated with visual awareness, but those in striate cortex are not. We argue that activities in temporal cortex contribute little, if anything, to perceptual awareness, and that their primary function is computational. Thus the correlation between the firing rates of neurons in these areas and the responses of the monkeys is due to the recognition of a particular stimulus object, which in turn is due to the computations made there. 相似文献
220.
Shoji Itakura 《Animal cognition》2001,4(3-4):281-284
The goal of this study was to examine the effect of joint visual attention on infants' behavior during subsequent events.
Thirty-seven mother-infant (aged from 9 to 13 months) pairs were twice shown a pair of line drawing stimuli on a computer
screen. For the control group, the mother never paid attention to the stimuli. For experimental group 1, the mother pointed
to one stimulus in the first presentation but did not point to it in the second presentation. The infants gazed longer at
the stimulus pointed to by their mothers in the first presentation. In the second presentation, during which mothers did not
attend to the stimuli, infants gazed longer at the stimulus which had been pointed to by the mothers in the first presentation.
In experimental group 2, one of two stimuli blinked during the first presentation but not the second presentation. Infants
gazed for longer at the blinking stimulus in the first presentation, but there was no difference in looking time toward the
two stimuli in the second presentation. These results suggest that joint visual attention affects infants' looking behavior
during subsequent events, and that simple stimulus change does not.
Accepted after revision: 2 May 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献