全文获取类型
收费全文 | 904篇 |
免费 | 152篇 |
国内免费 | 233篇 |
专业分类
1289篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 71篇 |
2019年 | 88篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 74篇 |
2016年 | 53篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 151篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1289条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
161.
Antje Jackeln 《Zygon》2006,41(3):623-632
Abstract. Emergence is a powerful concept marked by great emotional, aesthetic, and intellectual appeal. It makes inroads into the understanding of the most diverse phenomena. Emergence appears to have the potential of explaining anything from the behavior of atoms, ant colonies, and traffic jams to insurance risks, human consciousness, and divine action. Philip Clayton's book Mind and Emergence (2004) offers much‐needed clarification of the philosophical grounding of emergence theory. To a large extent, emergence hinges on the concept of levels and hierarchies in nature. The preferred metaphor is that of a ladder. Given the tendency of concepts like emergence to build ideology, a careful analysis of language and metaphor is called for, however. I argue that the preference for the ladder metaphor does not do justice to the differentiated relationality that is a distinct mark of emergence. This oversight may have detrimental consequences when emergence theory is transferred from natural to social and cultural processes. A hermeneutical analysis suggests that better metaphors and visualizations need to be found. As an invitation to consider alternatives, some examples of complex regular poly topes are offered. 相似文献
162.
Hengameh Irandoust 《Argumentation》2006,20(2):133-148
This paper attempts to define the concept of critique, explain its function␣and properties and distinguish it from the close concept of evaluation. It is argued that, beyond the argument, a critique is concerned with the position of the proponent relatively to the reality the argument is about. Moreover, a critique is itself an argument in which assumptions regarding the position of the proponent are justified for a given audience on the basis of the proponent’s argumentative background within a specific domain. 相似文献
163.
Andras N. Zsidó Diana T. Stecina Rebecca Cseh Michael C. Hout 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2022,113(2):412-433
Human visual attention is biased to rapidly detect threats in the environment so that our nervous system can initiate quick reactions. The processes underlying threat detection (and how they operate under cognitive load), however, are still poorly understood. Thus, we sought to test the impact of task-irrelevant threatening stimuli on the salience network and executive control of attention during low and high cognitive load. Participants were exposed to neutral or threatening pictures (with moderate and high arousal levels) as task-irrelevant distractors in near (parafoveal) and far (peripheral) positions while searching for numbers in ascending order in a matrix array. We measured reaction times and recorded eye-movements. Our results showed that task-irrelevant distractors primarily influenced behavioural measures during high cognitive load. The distracting effect of threatening images with moderate arousal level slowed reaction times for finding the first number. However, this slowing was offset by high arousal threatening stimuli, leading to overall shorter search times. Eye-tracking measures showed that participants fixated threatening pictures more later and for shorter durations compared to neutral images. Together, our results indicate a complex relationship between threats and attention that results not in a unitary bias but in a sequence of effects that unfold over time. 相似文献
164.
Psychophysical studies have identified two distinct limitations of visual attention capacity: processing speed and apprehension span. Using a simple test, these cognitive factors can be analyzed by Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). The method has strong specificity and sensitivity, and measurements are highly reliable. As the method is theoretically founded, it also has high validity. TVA-based assessment has recently been used to investigate a broad range of neuropsychological and neurological conditions. We present the method, including the experimental paradigm and practical guidelines to patient testing, and review existing TVA-based patient studies organized by lesion anatomy. Lesions in three anatomical regions affect visual capacity: The parietal lobes, frontal cortex and basal ganglia, and extrastriate cortex. Visual capacity thus depends on large, bilaterally distributed anatomical networks that include several regions outside the visual system. The two visual capacity parameters are functionally separable, but seem to rely on largely overlapping brain areas. 相似文献
165.
166.
Guichun Guo 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):437-453
The essential significance of scientific metaphor lies in applying the general metaphorical theory to specific interpretations
and elaborations of scientific theories to form a methodology of scientific explanation. It is a contextual grasp of objective
reality. A given metaphorical context and its grasp of the essence of reality can only be valid when the context is continually
restructured. Taking the context as a whole, the methodological characteristic of scientific metaphor lies in the unity of
understanding and choice, experience and concepts, semantic structures and metaphorical domains, rationality and irrationality.
As a form of thinking based on reasons, scientific metaphor plays an important role in invention, representation, explanation,
evaluation, and communication.
Translated by Liu Yiyu from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2004, (2): 92–101 相似文献
167.
采用半视野速示术将标准刺激在中间视野呈现,比较刺激以不同偏心视角(3.5°,5°和6.5°)在左或右视野同时呈现,以检查不同偏心视角引起比较刺激知觉辨认难度的改变对汉字大写数字奇-偶概念同/异判断任务在大脑两半球间分布式加工的影响。结果显示:随偏心视角的增大正确反应时和错误百分数均显著提高;三种视角条件下左右手的正确反应时均有明显的右视野(左半球)优势;3.5°视角右视野(左半球)呈现时右手反应明显快于左手,5°视角右视野(左半球)与左视野(右半球)呈现时均为右手反应明显快于左手,6.5°视角右视野(左半球)与左视野(右半球)呈现时均为左手反应明显快于右手。这些结果提示:本研究条件下只有比较刺激在6.5°偏心视角呈现时刺激和反应可能出现大脑两半球间分布式加工,3.5°和5°视角呈现时可能为左半球单独加工。6.5°视角刺激呈现的分布加工明显由于大视角呈现时比较刺激辨认难度与注意要求的提高所致。 相似文献
168.
视觉空间注意的事件相关电位研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
视觉空间注意是心理学多年来一直探讨的问题,也是近来多学科共同关注的领域。在脑机制研究中,事件相关电位(ERP)的研究方法具有高时间分辨率的特点,近年来高密度记录技术的发展,也提高了ERP在功能定位方面的作用,因此其应用日益广泛。该文概述了近年来有关ERP在视觉空间注意研究中的实验方法、结果和初步结论,并就今后研究方向提出了几点看法。 相似文献
169.
位置提示下视觉注意范围的调控机制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究视觉空间注意中不同注意范围引起脑内加工时程的动态变化。使用固定位置的、三种不同直径的线圈作为注意范围的位置性提示,祛除空间定位因素的影响,记录反应时和事件相关电位(ERP)数据。结果显示:在同等注意范围时,随着刺激位置远离视野中心,反应时延长,靶刺激诱发的P1、N1不受刺激位置的影响,而其前部N2的波幅明显受到刺激位置的影响;在靶刺激位置相同时,随着注意范围的扩大,反应时缩短,靶刺激诱发的P1、N1不受提示范围大小的影响,而其前部P2的波幅明显受到注意范围的影响。结果说明:①视觉注意范围信息加工与靶刺激诱发的P2成分相关;②视觉注意诱发的P1、N1成分,主要与注意方位相关,而与注意范围大小无关;③注意范围变化引起注意集中度的调节是在一定范围内进行的。 相似文献
170.