Visuo-tactile congruency influences the body schema during full body ownership illusion

Previous research showed that full body ownership illusions in virtual reality (VR) can be robustly induced by providing congruent visual stimulation, and that congruent tactile experiences provide a dispensable extension to an already established phenomenon. Here we show that visuo-tactile congruency indeed does not add to already high measures for body ownership on explicit measures, but does modulate movement behavior when walking in the laboratory. Specifically, participants who took ownership over a more corpulent virtual body with intact visuo-tactile congruency increased safety distances towards the laboratory’s walls compared to participants who experienced the same illusion with deteriorated visuo-tactile congruency. This effect is in line with the body schema more readily adapting to a more corpulent body after receiving congruent tactile information. We conclude that the action-oriented, unconscious body schema relies more heavily on tactile information compared to more explicit aspects of body ownership.     

Increasing meal consumption in individuals with competing protective equipment

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder may engage in self‐injurious behavior that can cause tissue damage. Protective equipment is sometimes used to decrease the severity of tissue damage when self‐injury occurs. However, wearing protective equipment may be incompatible with some forms of adaptive behavior, such as meal consumption. The purpose of the present analysis was to identify a treatment for increasing meal consumption in two adolescent males diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder who wore protective equipment that interfered with self‐feeding. Three interventions were evaluated: modifying the protective equipment, manipulating the reinforcing efficacy of the meal, and arranging additional positive reinforcement for meal consumption in the absence of protective equipment. Modifying protective equipment and manipulating the reinforcing efficacy of the meal were effective for both participants. Additional positive reinforcement was evaluated and effective for one participant.     

Applying a longitudinal tracer methodology to evaluate complex interventions in complex settings

Long-running multi-faceted intervention studies are particularly problematic in large complex organizations where traditional methods prove too resource intensive and can yield inaccurate and incomplete findings. This paper describes the first use of, longitudinal tracer methodology (LTM), a realist approach to evaluation, to examine the links between multiple complex intervention activities (processes) and their outcomes on a construction megaproject. LTM is especially useful when the researcher has little control over intervention delivery but has evidence drawn from multiple sources to evaluate the intervention activities effects over time. This methodology has rarely been deployed in complex organizational settings and not on a construction megaproject. This paper presents a case study of its use over a period of three years, on 24 construction sites forming London’s Thames Tideway Tunnel (Tideway) megaproject. The study examines the “transformational” power of occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions across the multiple organizations and supply chains in the megaproject. The study shows how the method can be adapted in-flight to accommodate shifting lines of inquiry as the intervention activities progress and change. This feature along with its resource-efficient operation, make it an attractive option where interventions are likely to have differential effects across multiple sites of enactment.     

Effects of the presence of others on prosocial behavior: Perceived face as mediator

Previous studies have shown that the prosocial behavior of individuals may be promoted or inhibited by the presence of others. This study hypothesizes that prosocial behavior relates to the relationships among present individuals, beyond their number. This study examines whether there is a significant difference in an individual's prosocial behavior in the presence of different types of others (strangers or friends) and whether this effect is mediated by the perception of face. Two studies that used different methods of data collection were conducted. It was found that the presence of friends promotes prosocial behavior more than does the presence of strangers. In addition, perceived face plays a mediating role between the presence of different types of people and prosocial behavior.     

Metamorphic malicious code behavior detection using probabilistic inference methods

Existing antivirus programs detect malicious code based on fixed signatures; therefore, they have limitations in detecting metamorphic malicious code that lacks signature information or possesses circumventing code inserted into it. Research on the methods for detecting this type of metamorphic malicious code primarily focuses on techniques that can detect code based on behavioral similarity to known malicious code. However, these techniques measure the degree of similarity with existing malicious code using API function call patterns. Therefore, they have certain disadvantages, such as low accuracy and large detection times. In this paper, we propose a method which can overcome the limitations of existing methods by using the FP-Growth algorithm, a data mining technique, and the Markov Logic Networks algorithm, a probabilistic inference method. To perform a comparative evaluation of the proposed method's malicious code behavior detection, we performed inference experiments using malicious code with an inserted code for random malicious behavior. We performed experiments to select optimal weights for each inference rule to improve our malicious code behavior inferences’ accuracy. The results of experiments, in which we performed a comparative evaluation with the General Bayesian Network, showed that the proposed method had an 8% higher classification performance.     

Validation of the work engagement,job satisfaction,psychological empowerment,and organisational citizenship measures in a mining sector setting in Zimbabwe

This study aimed to validate measures of work engagement, job satisfaction, psychological empowerment, and organisational citizenship for use with employees in a mining enterprise in Zimbabwe. Miners (N = 176, males = 85.2%, females = 1.3%; age range = 24–65 years; general workers = 92%) completed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ20), and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCB-C20). Findings, following exploratory factor analysis, suggest scores from the UWES, PES, MSQ20, and OCB20 to be reliable for research purposes in the Zimbabwean mining sector setting.     

时间洞察力对成瘾行为的影响及其机制

成瘾行为给个体和社会带来了严重的危害。对成瘾人群时间洞察力的研究成为探讨成瘾行为产生和发展的一个新的视角。过去消极、现在享乐和现在宿命时间洞察力取向的个体更可能出现成瘾行为, 而未来时间洞察力取向则是成瘾行为的一个保护性因素, 它不仅可以减少成瘾行为的发生, 也有利于成瘾行为的康复。从自我调节, 冲动性决策等行为机制和前额叶的神经机制方面可以帮助我们深入理解时间洞察力对成瘾行为的影响。未来研究可以进一步探讨不同成瘾行为者时间洞察力的一致性与特异性; 采用纵向研究方法探讨成瘾者时间洞察力的动态变化过程; 对成瘾者的洞察力进行干预, 增加成瘾者的未来时间洞察力, 减少其过去消极和现在时间洞察力取向来帮助成瘾者实现时间洞察力的平衡, 从而提高其戒断效果。     

直播营销中社会临场感对线上从众消费的影响及作用机理研究——行为与神经生理视角

研究以直播营销为背景, 引入产生于通讯领域的社会临场感概念, 在文献归纳分析的基础上首先探讨直播营销环境下社会临场感的内涵和构成; 之后基于从众消费理论通过行为实验的方法探究直播营销中社会临场感影响线上从众消费的认知机制; 进一步, 根据社会临场感理论探讨自我建构和消费者-主播关系强度在此过程中的调节作用; 最后基于社会助长理论, 利用神经科学方法客观性和“过程测量”的优势探索直播营销中社会临场感影响线上从众的情感机制。研究将揭示社会临场感影响线上从众消费行为的机理, 为直播播主和电商卖家提供指导的同时, 帮助消费者了解自我, 以做出更理性的消费决策。     

社区矫正人员的心理需求理论——基于扎根理论

目的：探究社区矫正人员心理需求理论。方法：运用扎根理论,在文献查阅和田野调查的基础上编写访谈稿,抽取20人访谈,将访谈稿转录后筛出15份,运用Nvivo11软件分析。结果：社区矫正人员的心理需求包括三大类属：接纳现实,维护自我形象,恢复和重建;三大需求具有心理过程上的阶段性,并在回归社会和心理健康水平上有递进关系;针对社区矫正人员、其家人、社区矫正工作人员、社区矫正心理工作者,提出“明白事、接纳人、好发展”的建议。结论：初步得出有中国特色的社矫人员心理需求理论。