互联网成瘾问题的研究现状与展望

过度使用互联网将影响使用者的身心健康 ,从而导致互联网成瘾。作者根据现有文献对互联网成瘾的概念、诊断以及影响因素作了简要总结 ,介绍了互联网成瘾的现有治疗技术 ,并提出了该领域未来的研究方向和重点问题     

目标预知对路径整合的影响

本研究采用头盔式虚拟现实与返回起点或路标的路径完成任务, 通过指导语来调控被试对于返回位置的预知, 检验目标预知对人类路径整合的影响。实验结果表明, 对于返回起点这一目标的预知可以使被试有效地忽略由于路标出现或路标数量增加而导致的干扰, 而对于返回路标这一目标的预知程度越高, 可以促使被试做出更准确的反应。这样的结果体现了目标预知作为一种非感知觉因素对于人类路径整合的影响, 也体现了人类路径整合的策略性和灵活性。     

Manipulating body representations with virtual reality: Clinical implications for anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa patients exhibit distorted body-representations. Specifically, they represent their bodies as larger than reality. Given that this distortion likely exacerbates the condition, there is an obligation to further understand and, if possible, rectify it. In pursuit of this, experimental paradigms are needed which manipulate the spatial content of these representations. In this essay, I discuss how virtual reality technology that implements full-body variants of the rubber-hand illusion may prove useful in this regard, and I discuss some issues related to the clinical application of this method.     

临时性组织中的快速信任：概念、形成前因及影响结果

快速信任是适应临时性组织的速成性、短期性和任务复杂性特点而形成的新的信任研究方向, 其一反传统信任对个性、人际关系和情感的关注而转向对认知、行为和角色的关注。利用快速信任能有效地管理临时性组织的脆弱性、不确定性、风险和期望问题。在介绍快速信任的概念和测量的基础上, 综述了影响快速信任形成的信任倾向、类别与原型和角色等因素, 并阐述了快速信任对团队及系统层面结果变量的影响。未来研究需对快速信任的情感成分、测量及维度划分、快速信任与领导的交互影响、快速信任下的不信任以及快速信任的动态发展方面展开深入探讨。     

Assessing Proprioception in Children: A Review

Proprioception is the subconscious and conscious awareness of the spatial and mechanical status of the musculoskeletal framework. When working with children with motor delays and sensory integrative dysfunction, occupational therapists routinely assess the client's proprioceptive system. However, currently available assessments for occupational therapists are primarily observer-based and concerns have been raised about the reliability of observer-based assessments of sensation. The author's purpose was to review measures of proprioception currently available to occupational therapists and explore direct measures of proprioception from neuroscience and rehabilitation that can be adapted for pediatric clinical use. Observer-based and direct measurements of proprioception assessments complement each other in meeting clinical needs. A better understanding of both types of evaluation will improve proprioceptive evaluation.     

Empathy and the Limits of Thought Experiments

This article criticizes what it calls perspectival thought experiments, which require subjects to mentally simulate a perspective before making judgments from within it. Examples include Judith Thomson's violinist analogy, Philippa Foot's trolley problem, and Bernard Williams's Jim case. The article argues that advances in the philosophical and psychological study of empathy suggest that the simulative capacities required by perspectival thought experiments are all but impossible. These thought experiments require agents to consciously simulate necessarily unconscious features of subjectivity. To complete these experiments subjects must deploy theory‐theoretical frameworks to predict what they think they would (or ought to) do. These outputs, however, systematically mislead subjects and are highly prone to error. They are of negligible probative value, and this bodes poorly for their continued use. The article ends with two suggestions. First, many thought experiments are not problematically perspectival. Second, it should be possible to carry out “in‐their‐shoes” perspectival thought experiments by off‐loading simulations onto virtual environments into which philosophers place subjects.     

Defining Trauma on Twitter: An Autoethnographic Sketch

In this paper, I use an autoethnographic sketch (Rambo, 2007 Rambo, C. (2007). Sketching as autoethnographic practice. Symbolic Interaction, 30(4), 531–542. doi:10.1525/si.2007.30.4.531[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]) to offer a definition of trauma. This paper is broadly inspired by my research (Gloviczki, 2015 Gloviczki, P. J. (2015). Journalism and memorialization in the age of social media. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.[Crossref] [Google Scholar]) using case study methods (Yin, 2003 Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol. 3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [Google Scholar]) about online memorial groups. In pairing autoethnography and case study methods, I write to inspire a discussion about form, definition, and trauma. I also embrace the challenge of writing an entire scholarly paper within 140 characters, the standard length of a tweet on Twitter. I hope this approach opens fresh avenues for understanding research as well.     

虚拟现实技术在执行功能评估中的应用

执行功能反映了个体对自身的认知过程进行调节和控制的能力,其评估在儿童认知能力发展水平和特殊人群认知功能损伤程度的评定中起着重要作用。虽然执行功能的评估自20世纪初就开始被实施和应用,但传统评估方法仍存在着生态效度不高、不易操纵实验环境的复杂性、不易操纵被试觉醒水平等缺陷。近年来,虚拟现实技术以其有限的成本和快速的发展被越来越多地应用于执行功能评估,并被证实具有生态效度高、实验条件高度可控等显著优点。