Local communities responding to ecological challenges—A psycho‐social approach to the Natura 2000 Network

The institutionalization of biodiversity conservation through legal instruments has led to mixed reactions at both the individual and community levels, with conflict and resistance co‐existing with support. The overall purpose of this paper is to describe how rural communities living in areas included in the Natura 2000 Network of protected sites, where local practices of land use are regulated by new legal directives, receive biodiversity conservation goals. Previous studies suggest that this reception is strongly shaped by place identification, but their contradictory results demand further clarification. This study examines the role of psycho‐social variables identified by previous studies as potentially relevant moderators of identification: (a) Vested interest in natural resources, (b) evaluation of the designation process of protected areas and (c) institutional trust. It further extends previous research by analysing the support given to contextually relevant ecological practices. Results reveal a positive link between place identification and attitudes in the high vested interest condition and show that support for conservation practices is better predicted in the high vested interest and low trust conditions. The discussion focuses on the relevance of analysing contextually relevant psycho‐social moderators when attempting to understand how local communities' relation with biodiversity conservation is affected by legislative innovation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel object detection and recognition system based on points of interest selection and SVM classification

Due to the progression in computer vision technology, object recognition systems have gained considerable research interest. Though there are numerous object recognition systems in the literature, there is always a constant demand for better object recognition systems. Taking this as a challenge, this work proposes a novel object recognition system based on points of interest and feature extraction. Initially, the points of interest of the image are selected by means of Derivative Kadir-Brady (DKB) detector and the neighbourhood pixels of a particular window size are selected for further processing. The gabor and curvelet features are extracted from the area of interest, followed by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. The performance of the proposed object recognition system is evaluated against three analogous techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure. On experimental analysis, it is proven that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches and the performance of the proposed work is satisfactory.     

Does multitasking mediate the relationships between episodic memory,attention, executive functions and apathetic manifestations in traumatic brain injury?

Apathy is frequently described in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); its negative consequences particularly affect functional independence. Among apathetic manifestations, lack of initiative and lack of interest have mainly been associated with cognitive impairments. However, few studies have been conducted to precisely identify the underlying cognitive processes. Our aims were (1) to determine the best predictor of apathy from among several cognitive processes, including episodic memory and attention/executive mechanisms and multitasking, and (2) to examine to what extent multitasking could mediate the relationships between specific cognitive processes and lack of initiative/interest. Seventy participants (34 patients with TBI matched with 36 control participants) were given a questionnaire to assess anxio‐depressive symptoms, four tasks to assess specific cognitive processes, and one task to assess real‐life multitasking. Participants’ relatives completed an apathy questionnaire. Multitasking, as assessed by the number of goals not achieved, was the only significant predictor of apathetic manifestations. In addition, the mediation analyses revealed that multitasking performance mediated the relationships between verbal episodic memory and lack of initiative/interest, whereas executive and attentional functions were only indirectly related to lack of initiative/interest due to their significant impacts on multitasking. These results shed new light on the aetiology of apathetic manifestations in patients with TBI, indicating how specific cognitive deficits are expressed in real‐life multitasking, and consequently, how they may lead to the development and/or maintenance of apathetic manifestations.     

感知的父母及教师支持与学生STEAM学习的持续性动机:学习兴趣和自我效能感的多重中介作用

基于PISA2015年中国四省市数据,探讨了感知的父母和教师支持、STEAM学习兴趣及自我效能感对学生STEAM学习的持续性动机的影响。结果发现:感知的父母和教师支持显著地正向预测STEAM学习兴趣和自我效能感;STEAM学习兴趣和自我效能感在感知的父母支持和持续性动机间起完全中介作用,而在感知的教师支持与持续性动机间起部分中介作用。研究拓展了STEAM教育下学习动机的研究范围,为后续增强学生STEAM学习的持续性动机提供了相应的参考。     

Moral Reasoning Effects on Political Participation

In this study, respondents who agreed to participate in a computer-administered interview were presented with information and questions about public interest groups, followed by the Defining Issues Test of moral reasoning (DIT). Respondents with high DIT scores stressed morally central over morally peripheral considerations in deciding whether to participate in public interest groups. Less sophisticated reasoners showed the opposite pattern. Morally central considerations also had a much greater impact on the probability that sophisticated respondents would attempt to participate in public interest groups after completing the interview. The analysis included controls for potential confounding variables such as cognitive ability, education, prior political participation, and gender. The findings imply motivational differences between advantaged and disadvantaged population groups. Such differences may help to account for the differing strategies and successes of political organizations mobilizing these groups.     

卫生立法迫在眉睫

涉及医疗机构的法律事务处理方面明显存在“两个强化”的趋势,一是强化医疗责任追究,二是强化病家利益维护。但医疗行业在处理法律事务方面仍处于长期形成的各自为阵,自行处理的局面。鉴于以上情况,提出区域性医学法律协作中心问题。     

临床试验中的利益冲突：伦理和政策问题

人们对于研究人员、赞助商和研究机构三者之间的经济利益关系给予越来越多的关注,人体试验研究中的经济利益与其他利益有所不同,这种经济利益会导致偏见或诱导不正当的行为,尤其是当有从研究中获益的机会存在时,将会影响到研究人员关于应该选择哪个受试者,应该提供给受试者什么样的医疗服务,甚至应该如何正确使用受试者保密的健康信息方面的判断,由经济利益引起的明显的风险同样也会威胁公众的学术机构研究使命的支持,从处理临床试验中利益冲突的准则,什么样的经济利益是研究中的重大经济利益。准则的实施等方面进行了详尽的叙述,最后指出没有潜在受试者和公众的信任,我们就不能有效地开展研究。     

职业评定量表(VIESA)的信度和效度研究

根据D.E.Super的职业发展理论,职业选择的成熟与发展一般分为五个阶段,中学生正处在从探索到成熟的重要转变期。本研究以美国大学测验中心的职业分类系统为基础,以职业评定量表VIESA为工具和对象,对北京市第六十五中学的179名高中三年级学生和北京师范大学心理学系的55名二年级学生进行了施测,检验了量表的信度和效度。量表的信度指标基本在.70以上,构想效度良好,以专业满意感为效标的效标效度达到显著水平。     

The Psychodynamic Assumptions of the U.S. Constitution

The U.S. Constitution is a blueprint for the design of a government which reflects the consistent application of an understanding of the emotions and interests driving the political activity of individuals and groups. This understanding is articulated in the writings of key proponents of the Constitution, and clarified by its historical and philosophical context. Their theories are congruent with psychoanalytic perspectives on narcissism, leadership, group dynamics, and the role of transitional space in cultural life. The concept of interests, reformulated in psychoanalytic terms, is a useful addition to our understanding of political behavior.     

情境兴趣的研究进展

兴趣是一种重要的非智力因素,受到研究者的普遍关注。随着对兴趣的深入研究,研究者将兴趣分为个体兴趣和情境兴趣。其中,情境兴趣因其可被人为地控制和改变而成为国内外教育界的研究重点和热点。本文从情境兴趣的概念、分类、维度及影响因素等方面对情境兴趣的研究成果进行综述。