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561.
Ricardo Basso Garcia Irene C. Mammarella Doriana Tripodi Cesare Cornoldi 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2014,32(1):17-33
This study examined forward and backward recall of locations and colours and the binding of locations and colours, comparing typically developing children – aged between 8 and 10 years – with two different groups of children of the same age with learning disabilities (dyslexia in one group, non‐verbal learning disability [NLD] in the other). Results showed that groups with learning disabilities had different visuospatial working memory problems and that children with NLD had particular difficulties in the backward recall of locations. The differences between the groups disappeared, however, when locations and colours were bound together. It was concluded that specific processes may be involved in children in the binding and backward recall of different types of information, as they are not simply the resultant of combining the single processes needed to recall single features. 相似文献
562.
Objectives
We studied adults with autism spectrum disorder living in a specialized residential care home (n = 148). The participants’ behavioral problems were assessed using the French-language Scale for the Observation of Behavioral Problems in Adults with Autism (Échelle Pour l’Observation des Comportements-problèmes d’Adultes avec Autisme, EPOCAA; Recordon-Gaboriaud & Granier-Deferre). The study's main objectives were to (i) replicate the data from the EPOCAA reference group in a new sample of institutionalized adults, and (ii) study the impact of intellectual disability and medication on the EPOCAA scale. Our first hypothesis was that the severity of intellectual impairment would be associated with a greater likelihood of major behavioural problems. Our second hypothesis was that treatment (or the absence of treatment) with psychotropic and/or anti-epileptic medications would interact with the behavioural problems evaluated on the EPOCAA.Method
We first used Cohen's d to compare the results from our sample with those given in the EPOCAA. Next, we performed a multivariate analysis of covariance with intellectual impairment, sex, the use of anti-epileptic medications (as a yes/no binary variable), and the use of psychotropic medications (as a yes/no binary variable) as fixed factors, and age as a covariate.Results
All patients suffered from profound to severe intellectual impairment and low autonomy, which justified their permanent residence in a care home. A behavioral assessment of the study participants showed that the overall EPOCAA scores were much lower in the study sample than in the scale's reference sample. The combination of profound intellectual disability and autism was associated with more behavioral problems than severe intellectual impairment. The residents’ intellectual impairments were predominantly related to two domains (object use and sensorimotor activities/stereotypy) and to the severity of difficulties in the social interactions domain. The second hypothesis was not confirmed: the presence or absence of the various medications did not appear to influence behavioral problems. These results are discussed with a view to improving the residents’ quality of life. 相似文献563.
564.
Joel S. Milner PhD Michael F. Wagner Julie L. Crouch Randy J. McCarthy 《Aggressive behavior》2019,45(6):610-621
Two studies tested whether attributions of hostile intent (AHI) and anger for ambiguous child behaviors uniquely predict parents’ harsh verbal discipline (HVD) and harsh physical discipline (HPD) or whether AHI only predicts harsh discipline when AHI occurs in conjunction with anger, as suggested by the Integrated Cognitive Model of general aggression (Wilkowski & Robinson, 2010, J. Pers., 78, 9–38). Replicating previous studies, the expected positive bivariate relationships between AHI, anger, HVD, and HPD were found in Study 1 (N = 493). However, when AHI, anger, and the AHI by anger interaction were considered simultaneously, patterns of prediction varied by discipline type. For HVD, high levels of AHI, high levels of anger, and the AHI by anger interaction (at high levels of AHI and anger) each were significant predictors. For HPD, low levels of AHI, high levels of anger, and the AHI by anger interaction (at high levels of AHI and anger) were significant predictors, suggesting a possible suppressor effect for AHI. These results were replicated in Study 2 ( N = 503). Thus, there was support for the contention that AHI only predicts harsh discipline when AHI occurs in conjunction with anger with respect to HPD but this was not the case for HVD. Since AHI suppressor effects were observed for HPD in two large sample studies, variables that may account for the AHI suppressor effects and the need for testing more complex interactive predictive models of harsh parenting behaviors are discussed. 相似文献
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