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51.
This study examined similarities and differences in social support and self-efficacy for abstinence between women and men
recovering from substance addiction. The sample consisted of 87 residents of Oxford House (OH) self-run, community-based recovery
homes. Analyses revealed similarities between women and men in terms of the composition and utilization of support networks
and abstinence self-efficacy. Also, for both sexes, length of residency in OH was significantly related to decreased social
support for alcohol and drug use and increased self-efficacy for abstinence. However, multiple-group SEM analyses demonstrated
that social support for alcohol/drug use fully mediated the link between length of residency and abstinence self-efficacy
for women, but not for men. Findings suggest that the process of gaining self-efficacy to remain abstinent is distinct for
women and men, and that social support plays a different role in women's recovery than it does in men's. 相似文献
52.
Domestic violence can interfere with women’s ability to work, and may result in loss of welfare benefits and poorer economic outcomes. Previous studies showing no effect of domestic violence on employment could be a result of the failure to control for some individual characteristics; therefore we use fixed-effects models with three waves of Women’s Employment Study (WES) data to control for unobservable time-invariant individual-specific characteristics. Included in our analyses were 598 women, from an urban county in Michigan who were on the welfare rolls in February of 1997, all of whom completed 3 waves of interviews. Our fixed effects regression results show that domestic violence significantly reduced the annual work hours of a respondent. Mental and physical health problems do not completely mediate this relationship. Our results support efforts to address domestic violence within the welfare system. 相似文献
53.
Robert?F.?BornsteinEmail author 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(2):67-76
Meta-analysis of studies assessing interpersonal dependency in child abuse perpetrators (N of studies = 7) and victims (N of studies = 9) indicated that perpetrators have higher dependency levels than nonabusing controls (d = 0.43), and child abuse victims have higher dependency levels in early adulthood than people who were not abused as children (d = 0.47). An array of other personality traits and disorders showed comparable associations with abuse suggesting that in both populations increased dependency reflects a generalized increase in pathology and distress. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and suggestions for future research on dependency and abuse are offered. 相似文献
54.
Tara?Saathoff-WellsEmail author Rex?E.?Culp Candace?T.?Yancey 《Journal of child and family studies》2005,14(4):487-503
We investigated perceiver bias in relation to children labeled as sexually abused. Building on recent research indicating
that adults perceive children with such a label as having more behavioral problems and lower achievement, we replicated and
expanded upon an earlier study. We tested undergraduate students (N = 699), who judged a six-year old child's aggressive behavior
in vignettes that varied on severity of the aggressive behavior, child gender, and family history (sexually abused, mother
dying of cancer, normal). Perceiver bias was related to family history label for internalizing behavior problems and competence
issues and child gender for internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems. Implications for educators
and practitioners are discussed as well as routes for future research. 相似文献
55.
Two previous studies found that life stress and parental alcoholism were not as highly related to distress for Hispanic adolescents as they were for European American adolescents (M. Barrera Jr., S. A. Li, and L. Chassin, 1993, 1995). Those findings could be interpreted as evidence of Hispanic youths' resilience, but limitations of the stress measure and the homogeneity of the Hispanic sample threatened this interpretation. The present study improved on those previous studies by using a new measure of uncontrollable stressors and a more heterogeneous Mexican American sample. Participants in this study were 175 Mexican American and 59 European American adolescents and their parents. Unlike the previous studies, results did not show that Mexican American adolescents were more resilient to parental problem drinking or life stress than were European American adolescents. Overall, life stress was related to adolescents', mothers', and fathers' reports of adolescents' psychological distress above and beyond the effects of ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. 相似文献
56.
The study investigated native language verbal skills among low and highly proficient bilinguals, using the WISC III verbal subtests. Highly proficient bilinguals showed a superiority for almost all verbal subtests. This finding lends support to Threshold Theory which maintains that bilinguals need to achieve high levels of linguistic proficiency before bilingualism can promote cognitive development. Our study also shows that verbal ability underlying proficiency in the native language can be generalized to a foreign language, revealing a causal connection between native and foreign language learning. 相似文献
57.
Throughout the U.S., state laws require professionals who work with children to report cases of suspected child abuse to child protection services. Both practically and conceptually, however, significant problems arise from a lack of clarity regarding the threshold that has been set for reporting. Specifically, there is no consensus as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion, and little direction for how mandated reporters should gauge their legal and professional responsibilities when they harbor suspicion. In this paper we outline the context of the problem, discuss the nature and scope of its conceptual underpinnings, and offer recommendations for moving towards a concrete, practical solution. 相似文献
58.
59.
Functional analysis and treatment of verbal perseverations displayed by an adult with autism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The function of perseverative speech for an adult man who had been diagnosed with autism and mental retardation was examined. Results showed that verbal perseverations were maintained by social attention. An intervention consisting of differential reinforcement of appropriate verbal responses and extinction of perseverative verbal responding was effective in decreasing verbal perseverations. 相似文献
60.
In a laboratory simulation, a single-subject design was used to examine the effects of two types of social influence on children's eyewitness testimony, which has not been the subject of systematic behavioral analyses. This study replicates and extends findings from group-comparison studies, and shows that a topic of pressing social importance is amenable to analysis at the individual level, and therefore, potentially, to a behavioral analysis. 相似文献