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271.
学业成绩是衡量学生掌握知识水平的重要指标,受到认知能力、社会支持和学习动机等多重因素的显著影响,而这多重因素间的关系及其对学业成绩的共同作用机制尚不明确。本研究采用标准化的认知能力测验、社会支持量表、学习动机量表对4,973名初中生进行测试,并以各科测验成绩总分的平均值作为学业成绩指标。结果表明:(1)认知能力、社会支持、学习动机均与学业成绩正相关;(2)社会支持在认知能力对学业成绩的影响中起调节作用,学生感受到的社会支持水平越高,学业成绩表现越好,且其认知能力对学业成绩的预测作用越强;(3)社会支持的调节作用部分通过学习动机这一中介变量实现。本研究构建了一个基于个体因素(认知能力和学习动机)和环境因素(社会支持)共同影响学业成绩的理论模型,有利于人们深入理解认知能力影响学业成绩的内在机制和边界条件,为提升学生学业成绩提供了理论依据和实证支持。 相似文献
272.
ABSTRACT Long-term memory retrieval ability and working memory can share attention control ability. Based on cognitive plasticity, a hypothesis that cognitive training could improve long-term memory retrieval efficiency and that this could transfer to retrieval involving working memory was proposed. 60 undergraduates were randomly assigned to a group of training and an active control group; all the participants completed the same tasks in the same order before and after the training, the tasks included a long-term memory retrieval access task, a intelligence test, a switching task, a working memory updating task, a response inhibition task and an interference control task. The statistics results indicate that cognitive training can improve long-term memory retrieval efficiency and has a transfer effect on working memory updating, interference control and switching ability, but not on response inhibition or intelligence. This reveal the plasticity of long-term memory retrieval and its influence on working memory. 相似文献
273.
The effects of progressive intoxication were studied in male social drinkers classified from prior histories as either aggressively (A) or nonaggressively (NA) predisposed while intoxicated. Two groups of two A and two NA subjects engaged in videotaped group discussions that were analyzed by Bales interaction process analysis (IPA). At comparable levels of ad libitum alcohol intake in a natural drinking environment, significantly more verbal activity was displayed by the A subjects than by the NA subjects (P <.001), including IPA category D (P <.025). The A subjects tended to address the group as a whole rather than individual members (P <.001) and NA subjects rather than other A subjects (P <.01). Free testosterone levels assessed from saliva were higher among A subjects than among NA subjects (P <.05) with no significant changes related to time and progressive intoxication. The results suggest that the tendency to behave aggressively while intoxicated may be a fairly stable individual trait, possibly related to androgen levels and active or coercive modes of social communication. 相似文献
274.
275.
We sought to replicate and extend Carroll and Hesse's (1987) study of the acquisition of tacts by including participants with and without developmental disabilities. As in Carroll and Hesse, the present results showed that mand-tact training, rather than tact-only training, led to more rapid acquisition of tacts. Tacting on follow-up tests did not differ. In addition, our results show that mand-tact training established both verbal operants involved about as rapidly as tact-only training established only one verbal operant. DESCRIPTORS: verbal behavior, tact acquisition, mand-tact training, tact-only training, follow-up 相似文献
276.
Acalculia and Dyscalculia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Even though it is generally recognized that calculation ability represents a most important type of cognition, there is a significant paucity in the study of acalculia. In this paper the historical evolution of calculation abilities in humankind and the appearance of numerical concepts in child development are reviewed. Developmental calculation disturbances (developmental dyscalculia) are analyzed. It is proposed that calculation ability represents a multifactor skill, including verbal, spatial, memory, body knowledge, and executive function abilities. A general distinction between primary and secondary acalculias is presented, and different types of acquired calculation disturbances are analyzed. The association between acalculia and aphasia, apraxia and dementia is further considered, and special mention to the so-called Gerstmann syndrome is made. A model for the neuropsychological assessment of numerical abilities is proposed, and some general guidelines for the rehabilitation of calculation disturbances are presented. 相似文献
277.
关于小学四年级至初中一年级学生阅读理解能力的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究从一般性阅读理解的角度.对738名小学四年级至初中一年级学生的阅读理解能力进行研究,得出由七种成分构成的阅读理解能力结构,并初步探讨了各年级学生以及不同阅读理解能力学生的发展特点。 相似文献
278.
Mark R. Dixon Heather Benedict Tracy Larson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2001,34(3):361-363
The present study examined the possible function of inappropriate verbal behavior of an adult man who had been diagnosed with both mental retardation and psychosis. Results of a functional analysis indicated that inappropriate verbal utterances were maintained by attention. An intervention consisting of the differential reinforcement of appropriate verbal behavior effectively reduced the inappropriate behavior. 相似文献
279.
采用混合实验设计,以情绪词和情绪图片为实验材料,选取不同述情障碍得分的大学生为被试,通过三个实验考察了高述情障碍者的情绪图式特征。研究结果发现:(1)高述情障碍组被试对情绪词的效价判断反应时显著长于低述情障碍组,述情障碍各维度得分均与情绪词的效价判断反应时呈显著正相关;(2)高述情障碍组被试对情绪图片的效价判断反应时与低述情障碍组相比差异不显著;(3)高述情障碍组被试情绪图式联结所需反应时显著长于低述情障碍组,情感描述困难与情绪图式联结所需反应时之间相关显著。研究结论如下:高述情障碍者存在情绪语言图式和参考性链接上的缺陷,而在情绪意象上并不存在积极/消极区分能力方面的缺陷 相似文献
280.