谁该成为体验型产品网络评论的主角,图片还是文字?

图片、文字是体验型产品网络评论的两种主要形式,但关于两者对消费者影响的研究结论尚存在分歧。本研究基于解释水平理论,通过系列实验揭示了图片、文字评论在不同购买可行性情境下对消费者产品评价的影响,及产品类型(怀旧/非怀旧)的调节作用。结果表明:(1)购买可行性低情境下的消费者受文字评论的影响更大,而购买可行性高情境下的消费者受图片评论的影响更大(实验1a、实验1b和实验2);(2)购买怀旧产品时,购买可行性低情境下的消费者仍受文字评论的影响更大,而购买可行性高情境下的消费者受两类评论的影响无差异;购买非怀旧产品时,购买可行性高情境下的消费者仍受图片评论的影响更大,而购买可行性低情境下的消费者受两类评论的影响无差异(实验3)。本研究表明,当图片、文字评论与购买可行性在解释水平上一致时,影响力最大,且怀旧/非怀旧产品类型会调节这种效应。本研究还讨论了如何在实际中运用此结论。     

An unusual presentation of probable dementia: Rhyming,associations, and verbal disinhibition

We report a case of probable Alzheimer's disease who presented with the unusual feature of disinhibited rhyming. Core language skills were largely intact but generative language was characterized by semantic‐based associations, evident in tangential and associative content, and phonology‐based associations, evident in rhyming, in the context of prominent executive dysfunction. We suggest this pattern is underpinned by a failure to terminate or inhibit verbal associations resulting in a ‘loosening’ of associations at the level of conceptual preparation for spoken language.     

Facilitating memory‐based lie detection in immediate and delayed interviewing: The role of mnemonics

We experimentally investigated how different mnemonic techniques employed in an interview conducted immediately after an event affected truth tellers' and liars' responses when they were interviewed again after a 2‐week delay. We also compared how verbal accounts changed over time within truth tellers and liars, and how consistent both groups were. Participants (n = 143) were shown a mock intelligence operation video and instructed either to tell the truth or lie about its contents in two interviews, one of which was immediately after watching the video and the other after a 2‐week delay. In the immediate interview, they were asked to provide a free recall and then asked to provide further information via one of three mnemonics: context reinstatement, sketch, or event‐line. In the delayed interview, they were asked to provide only a free recall. Truth tellers reported more visual, spatial, temporal, and action details than did liars both immediately and after a delay. Truth tellers experienced more of a decline in reporting details after a delay than did liars, and this decline was affected by the mnemonic used. Truth tellers thus showed, more than liars, patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay. Liars produced patterns of a “stability bias” instead. Truth tellers and liars were equally consistent between their immediate and delayed statements.     

The Embodied Experience of Microaggressions: Implications for Clinical Practice

Ongoing scholarship in multicultural counseling practice has established the significance of microaggressions in the lived experience of clients and in the client–counselor dyad. Grounded in new research into the embodied experience of oppression, this article reviews key concepts in nonverbal communication and traumatology to illustrate how the body is implicated in the transmission of microaggressions and how counselors can become more attentive, informed, and responsive to how social power differences manifest in the body. Las investigaciones actuales sobre la práctica de la consejería multicultural han establecido la importancia de las microagresiones en la experiencia vital de los clientes y en la díada cliente–consejero. Fundamentado en nuevas investigaciones sobre la experiencia corporal de la opresión, este artículo revisa conceptos clave de la comunicación no verbal y la traumatología para ilustrar cómo el cuerpo está involucrado en la transmisión de microagresiones y cómo los consejeros pueden tornarse más atentos, informados y sensibles a cómo las diferencias de poder social se manifiestan en el cuerpo.     

功能性近红外光谱技术在社会互动脑机制研究中的应用

功能性近红外光谱技术是一种以大脑组织中的血容和血氧为信息载体,通过测量大脑皮层中血容和血氧的分布和变化情况来了解局部脑活动的技术手段。近年来该技术在双脑研究非言语互动、言语互动、混合互动等社会互动脑机制领域做出了重要贡献。为了更清晰地揭示自然情境中社会互动的神经机制,未来尚需进一步改进近红外光谱技术本身,开发有效的数据分析方法,细化互动任务类型,丰富完善实验范式,促进多种脑成像技术的融合。     

The association of motor information and verbal information: a new perspective on the mechanism of the SPT effect

Current perspectives on the mechanism underlying the Subject Performed Task (SPT) effect have not yet reached a consensus. This study investigated whether the association between motor and verbal information is a key factor that explains the SPT effect. Experiment 1 and 2 tested whether motor and verbal retrieval memory performance were different when the association level was varied. Results showed that when subjects used low association learning materials, memory performance in either motor or verbal retrieval condition was significantly better than performance in the combined retrieval condition. Experiment 3 examined whether the level of association between motor and verbal information affects the SPT effect. Results revealed that the SPT effect disappeared when low association learning materials were used. Our findings imply that the high association level between motor and verbal information enables mutual activation of the two information types, leading to improved memory performance.     

The chameleon effect,the temporal aspects of mimicry and their impact on service measurement

BackgroundIn an experiment conducted in a natural setting, we test the link between mimicry, the amount of time during which the mimicry behavior takes place, and its impact on service quality.MethodsCable TV clients (n = 120) were randomly assigned to six experimental conditions (2 mimicry conditions: verbal mimicry vs. no mimicry x 3 interaction time: 5 vs. 10 vs. 15 minutes). Perceived service quality served as the dependent measurement.ResultsA main effect of mimicry was found on service quality: a cable TV representative was perceived more favorably when he mimicked the customer. Importantly, it was shown that even small portions of mimicry are beneficial, meaning that practitioners do not have to mimic someone for a long time to achieve benefits.ConclusionThe paper shows new benefits for the mimicker: more positive judgments by the mimickee regarding the impact on several different levels of service quality.     

“热”执行对注意缺陷多动障碍和阅读障碍儿童言语工作记忆的影响

ADHD儿童在与背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)相关的"冷"执行功能上的缺陷已大量证实,但在与眼眶和中前额叶皮层(OMPFC)相关的"热"执行功能上,ADHD儿童是否存在缺陷则未可知。与儿童赌博任务实验范式(该任务中"热"启动对"冷"执行起到抑制作用)不同,本研究考察趣味言语N-back任务是否对ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的成绩有促进作用。枯燥N-back任务考察的是言语工作记忆的纯认知特征,而趣味任务则卷入了"热"执行对"冷"执行的影响。结果表明,在枯燥任务上,ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的成绩均明显低于正常儿童,二者之间差异不显著,在趣味任务成绩上,ADHD儿童与正常儿童的成绩没有显著差异,而阅读障碍儿童成绩落后于正常控制组和ADHD组,在成绩变化的趋势上,ADHD儿童在趣味任务上成绩明显提高,而阅读障碍儿童则无明显改善。结果说明ADHD和阅读障碍儿童的言语工作记忆均存在明显的缺陷,但是机制不同,"热"执行对提高ADHD的言语工作记忆有明显的促进作用,ADHD的"冷"执行缺陷能够通过"热"执行的调节得到改善。     

行为表现与言语报告:3～5岁儿童的一级观点采择(英文)

为考察3~5岁儿童一级观点采择的行为表现与言语报告之间的潜在差异,本研究采用"单面镜"范式设计了两个实验。实验1中,54名儿童成对与实验者一起完成观点采择游戏,逻辑回归分析结果表明3-5岁儿童的行为表现不存在显著差异(B=?0.225,Wald=0.38,p=0.541)。方差分析也没有发现儿童的行为表现和言语报告存在差异。由于实验1中的编码系统存在一些局限,并且缺少对儿童偏好的控制,因此在实验2中进行了改进。实验2选择了另外60名3~5岁儿童完成藏玩具游戏。方差分析发现了实验范式类型(行为表现或言语报告)、年龄和性别的三因素交互作用(F(2,48)=3.55,p=0.037,η2=0.13)。结果表明随着年龄增加,男孩与女孩一级观点采择的行为表现都显著提高,而男孩言语报告的提高程度显著低于女孩。总体而言,考察儿童一级观点采择时,行为表现可能比言语报告提供更多信息。