动词的延续性特征及瞬时时间副词对时间转换事件表征的影响

为考察语篇阅读中,汉语动词的延续性特征以及瞬时时间副词对时间转换事件表征的影响,采用探测-判断的语篇实时阅读技术分别进行了两个实验。实验1的结果表明,当描述转换前事件的动词是延续性动词时,短时转换句与瞬时转换句的阅读时间无显著差异;而当描述转换前事件的动词是短暂性动词时,短时转换句的阅读时间明显长于瞬时转换句的阅读时间。实验2的结果表明,当不在时间转换句前添加瞬时时间副词时,长时与短时转换句前探测词的再认时间存在显著差异;而当在时间转换句前添加瞬时时间副词时,长时与短时转换句前探测词的再认时间无显著差异。两个实验结果分别说明,动词的延续性特征和时间转换短句的结合影响了时间转换事件的表征,在长时转换句的前面添加瞬时时间副词缩短了长时转换事件的表征时间。     

Judgments of moderator variables of agreement in person perception: A comparison of two cultures

Three moderators of agreement in person perception, behavioral consistency, observability and social desirability, were studied. The major hypothesis is that the moderators can be estimated using the standing of targets on traits; that is, that as targets vary on a given trait, they vary on how they are seen as on the moderators. Using Korean ( N  = 135) and US ( N  = 81) samples, we tested this approach for 80 traits. Analyses revealed that moderators varied by the combination of trait and target standing in different ways for the two samples. In judgment of behavioral consistency over target standings, linear and curvilinear trends were stronger for the US sample than for the Korean sample. For observability, judgments were similar, although curvilinear trends were larger for the Korean sample. Furthermore, being extremely positive was perceived as less desirable for the Korean judges. These findings were discussed in terms of cultural differences. Moreover, a new approach to the study of moderators was proposed.     

Mother–Child Agreement on Reports of Internalizing Symptoms Among Children Referred for Evaluation of ADHD

The effects of maternal (bias), child (age, severity of behavior problems), and measurement characteristics (similarity of parent and child measures; types of internalizing symptoms) on mother–child agreement on reports of children's internalizing symptoms were examined for 65 children referred for evaluation of ADHD. Agreement was low and did not improve when parents and children completed parallel measures. Mothers and children were more likely to agree on severity of internalizing symptoms rated as behavioral than those rated as ideational. The majority of discordant reports were of the type that mothers, but not children, reported clinically elevated symptoms. This type of discordance appeared to be a function of maternal negative bias rather than underreporting of symptoms by children.     

汉语及物动词词典中宾语信息的表征

该研究利用认知行为反应时方法,操作汉语及物动词与宾语之间的搭配关系,对汉语及物动词词典中宾语信息的表征情况进行了考察。结果发现,随着动词与宾语搭配的语义违反程度的增大,反应时增加。这表明,汉语及物动词词典中存在比较精确的宾语信息,其宾语信息是以语义特征来表征的。     

动、名词损伤的脑功能性定位

动词与名词之间的差异近年来已引起认知心理学家、心理语言学家和神经语言学家的广泛兴趣。本文从神经语言学角度出发,以Levelt的语言产生模型为框架,对词语加工哪一水平上的损伤会导致动词和名词分离的研究进行了综述和评价。     

汉字习得的年龄对词类信息加工的影响

采用词类判断任务,考察汉语单字词的习得年龄对词类信息加工的影响。实验材料采用了习得年龄不同的名词和动词,结果显示,汉字习得年龄对词类判断的反应时有显著的预测作用。研究结果表明,汉字习得年龄影响汉字词类信息的提取,即早期习得的汉字被试更容易提取其词类信息;研究结果从新的角度支持了任意映射假设对词汇习得年龄效应的解释。     

Interrater agreement on behavioral executive function measures in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background/ObjectiveThough most children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show difficulties in behavioral measures of executive functions (EF), few studies have examined interrater agreement in these measures.Objective: To analyze the agreement between parents, teachers and self-reports of behavioral EF in adolescents with ADHD and controls. Method: A sample of 118 adolescents (75 with ADHD and 43 controls) was rated by parents, teachers and the adolescents themselves using the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman methods were used to evaluate agreement. Results: The ICC between parents, teachers and self-report was poor or moderate in the group with ADHD; in the control group the agreement was fair to good. The Bland and Altman graphs show that, in the control group, most of the scores are below to the clinical cut-off point, while in the group with ADHD they are above. Conclusions: Agreement between all raters was low. Parents, teachers and adolescents agreed on the absence of deficits in behavioral EF in the control group, and on the presence of deficits in the group with ADHD, although they did not agree on the frequency of these deficits.     

Extensive Philosophical Agreement and Progress

This article argues, first, that there is plenty of agreement among philosophers on philosophically substantive claims, which fall into three categories: reasons for or against certain views, elementary truths regarding fundamental notions, and highly conditionalized claims. This agreement suggests that there is important philosophical progress. It then argues that although it's easy to list several potential kinds of philosophical progress, it is much harder to determine whether the potential is actual. Then the article attempts to articulate the truth that the deniers of philosophical progress are latching on to. Finally, it comments on the significance of the agreement and (potential) progress.