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991.
外界环境中物体位置与空间关系在记忆中如何表征,一直是空间认知研究领域探讨和争论的热点问题。该文从空间表征的参照框架、朝向特异性、组织结构和存储内容四个方面,系统回顾了近年来对空间表征形成机制与内在特征的理论探讨。在此基础上,进一步讨论了当前空间表征研究中存在的生态效度问题,以及以后将虚拟环境技术引入到空间认知研究中的发展趋势 相似文献
992.
Elizabeth A. Padawer Joy M. Jacobs-Lawson Douglas A. Hershey David G. Thomas 《Current Psychology》2007,26(2):102-108
The present investigation examined the relationships between five demographic variables (age, sex, income, marital status,
and education) and future time perspective. From a theoretical perspective, these demographic indicators were conceptualized
as proxy measures for the social forces that influence the adult expression of this personality dimension. Data were drawn
from six investigations in which a brief measure of future time perspective (Hershey and Mowen in The Gerontologist 40:687–697,
2000) had been administered to one thousand four hundred and ninety eight individuals. Higher future time perspective scores
(i.e., longer future orientations) were associated with being male, increased age, income, and educational level. These main
effects, however, were mitigated by a significant three-way interaction among sex, age, and level of education. These findings
suggest that a complex interplay of variables is responsible for the expression of personality traits at the individual level. 相似文献
993.
994.
How fish do geometry in large and in small spaces 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
It has been shown that children and non-human animals seem to integrate geometric and featural information to different extents in order to reorient themselves in environments of different spatial scales. We trained fish (redtail splitfins, Xenotoca eiseni) to reorient to find a corner in a rectangular tank with a distinctive featural cue (a blue wall). Then we tested fish after displacement of the feature on another adjacent wall. In the large enclosure, fish chose the two corners with the feature, and also tended to choose among them the one that maintained the correct arrangement of the featural cue with respect to geometric sense (i.e. left-right position). In contrast, in the small enclosure, fish chose both the two corners with the features and the corner, without any feature, that maintained the correct metric arrangement of the walls with respect to geometric sense. Possible reasons for species differences in the use of geometric and non-geometric information are discussed. 相似文献
995.
We examined the effects of a person factor (general causality orientation) and an environment factor (threat of evaluation) on creativity and personal experience of a creative collage-making task. Ninety college students completed questionnaires and made a collage under conditions of expected evaluation or no-evaluation. Creativity was a function of participants’ characterizations of themselves as artistic, and among men, of the interaction between environment and person factors. Task experience was affected by environment factors and, marginally, by the interaction of environment and person factors, with participants feeling less competent at the task under threat of evaluation, and exerting the greatest effort when they were under evaluation threat and were higher on control orientation. These findings may have implications for future motivation for creative tasks. 相似文献
996.
Helping and proactive extra-role behaviors: The influence of motives, goal orientation, and social context 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dan S. Chiaburu Sophia V. Marinova Audrey S. Lim 《Personality and individual differences》2007,43(8):2282-2293
We explore how two motivational orientations (communion and status striving) influence three extra-role organizational behaviors: proactive engagement, providing help, and seeking help. We propose and confirm intervening mechanisms, in the form of (a) goal orientations and (b) attitudes toward coworkers. Proactive behaviors are predicted by status striving, through the intervening mechanisms of both learning and performance proving goal orientations. Providing help is, in turn, motivated by communion striving, and the relationship is mediated by goal orientations (learning and performance avoiding) and by satisfaction with and commitment to coworkers. Finally, seeking help is a function of communion striving, which influences the outcome through learning goal orientation and satisfaction with and confidence in coworkers. 相似文献
997.
虚拟团队学习效能研究:社会认知因素的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本研究采用现场研究的方法,对21个虚拟团队学习的效能进行了实证研究。研究对社会认知因素中的效能感和目标取向对虚拟团队学习效能(技能改变、工作任务和团队健康水平)的影响进行了研究,并探讨了对虚拟团队的态度在中间所起的作用。研究发现,虚拟团队效能感和学习取向对虚拟团队的学习效能产生作用,而对虚拟团队学习的态度、团队信任对虚拟团队学习的效能起着中介或直接的作用。 相似文献
998.
学习通过文字或图片方式显示的空间布局材料之后,采用空间定位任务.分别检验在不同朝向和相对位置的条件下,对想象空间方位判断的差异。结果表明,使用图片进行空间布局的学习,记忆后再各自以同样显示形式进行空间定位任务时,判断的速度比使用文字的反应时要快;同时,无论是文字还是图片形式呈现.在进行想象转向时.都会呈现朝向效应和相对位置效应。 相似文献
999.
中学生适应取向的心理健康结构初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在文献综述的基础上,建构了适应取向的中学生心理健康的理论模型,并对中学生和中学教师进行开放式问卷调查,再参考同类量表,拟定了中学生心理健康量表的题项。经对1,567名中学生进行测试,结果表明:适应取向的中学生心理健康包含生活幸福、乐于学习、人际和谐、考试镇静、情绪稳定等五个维度,本研究所编制的中学生心理健康量表具有良好的信效度。 相似文献
1000.
The performance of all five students in an adjustment class for deaf children was compared under fixed and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement. During the fixed ratio (FR) condition, students earned checks if they were attentive and did not engage in disruptive behavior. These checks could be exchanged for the opportunity to draw a prize from a grab bag. During the variable ratio (VR) condition, they earned a draw from the grab bag according to a variable ratio schedule with a mean ratio equal to the value of the preceding FR schedule. During the VR condition, students visually attended more and engaged in disruptive behavior less often than during the FR condition. The number of math problems completed per minute was also higher during the VR condition although no specific consequences were applied to math performance. 相似文献