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171.
Joiner TE Schmidt NB Schmidt KL Laurent J Catanzaro SJ Perez M Pettit JW 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2002,30(2):167-175
We addressed several questions regarding the relation of anxiety sensitivity to anxious symptoms among 47 youth psychiatric inpatients (18 boys, 29 girls), ages 9–17 (M = 14.23, SD = 1.89). Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, anxious and depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and positive and negative affect; chart diagnoses were available. Consistent with hypotheses, we found that (a) anxiety sensitivity was associated with anxious symptoms, even controlling for trait anxiety and depressive symptoms; and (b) anxiety sensitivity displayed symptom specificity to anxious versus depressive symptoms (i.e., was associated with anxiety controlling for depression but not with depression controlling for anxiety). Furthermore, regarding factors of anxiety sensitivity, we obtained mixed support for our prediction that phrenophobia would be associated with both depression and anxiety, whereas fear of physical arousal would be associated with anxiety but not depression. Implications for the construct validity of anxiety sensitivity were discussed. 相似文献
172.
Bunmi O. Olatunji Jeffrey M. Lohr Craig N. Sawchuk Kelly Patten 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):1-8
Discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the unique role of disgust in Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia. The present
study attempts to clarify the discrepancy using a sample of analogue BII phobics (n = 40) and nonphobics (n = 40) who completed a series of questionnaires and were exposed to blood, mutilation, and injection pictures. The findings
revealed that BII phobics reported greater disgust and contamination fears than nonphobics after controlling for anxious symptoms.
When rating phobia-relevant pictures, BII phobics responded with greater fear and disgust than nonphobics after controlling
for baseline anxiety scores. Furthermore, disgust was the dominant emotional response for BII phobics for the blood and mutilation
stimuli. However, no differences were found between fear and disgust within the BII group when rating injection stimuli. The
implications of these findings for better understanding the potential unique role of disgust in the etiology, maintenance,
and treatment of BII phobia are discussed.
相似文献
Bunmi O. OlatunjiEmail: |
173.
Bunmi O. Olatunji Craig N. Sawchuk Peter J. de Jong Jeffrey M. Lohr 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):115-124
Recent research has implicated disgust sensitivity in the etiology of specific anxiety disorders. The Disgust Emotion Scale
(DES) is a newly developed measure that was designed to improve the assessment of disgust sensitivity. The present study examines
the psychometric properties of the DES. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 revealed five factors of disgust towards: (1)
rotting foods, (2) blood and injection, (3) smells, (4) mutilation and death, and (5) small animals. The DES demonstrated
adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Significant positive correlations were found between the five factors
of the DES and blood-injection-injury fears and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis in Study
2 provided support for the five-factor model. However, there was indication of item overlap within the factors. These findings
suggest that the DES is a reliable measure of disgust as it relates to specific anxiety disorder symptoms. 相似文献
174.
John T. Mitchell Nathan A. Kimbrel Natalie E. Hundt Amanda R. Cobb Rosemery O. Nelson-Gray Christopher M. Lootens 《欧洲人格杂志》2007,21(7):869-887
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) are two prominent personality accounts that have emerged from different backgrounds. Although the two accounts are applied to similar research topics, there is limited empirical work examining the correspondence between them. The current study explored the relationship between RST-based personality traits and the FFM domains and facets in an undergraduate sample (n = 668). Regression analyses indicated that Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) was positively associated with Neuroticism and Agreeableness, and negatively associated with Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness. In contrast, Sensitivity to Reward (SR) was positively associated with Extraversion and Neuroticism, and negatively associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Exploratory analyses at the facet level specified the relationship between SP, SR, and each domain. A factor analysis was also conducted to explore the higher-order factor structure of RST and the FFM domains. Three factors emerged, which we labelled SP, Stability-Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is substantial overlap between these two accounts of personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
175.
Risk assessment is an essential component of genetic counseling and testing, and the accuracy of risk assessment is critical
for decision making by consultands. However, it has been shown that genetic risk calculations may have high error rates in
practice. Risk calculations for autosomal dominant disorders are frequently complicated by age-dependent penetrance and sensitivities
of less than 100% in genetic testing. We provide methods of risk calculation for prototypical pedigrees of a family at risk
for an autosomal dominant disorder with age-dependent penetrance. Our risk calculations include scenarios in which the sensitivity
of genetic testing is less than 100%, and in which the sensitivity of genetic testing varies for different family members
at risk. Our Bayesian methods permit autosomal dominant disease probabilities to be calculated accurately, taking into account
all relevant information. Our methods are particularly useful for hereditary cancer syndromes, in which genetic testing can
seldom achieve 100% sensitivity. Our methods can be applied to many different scenarios, including those where the sensitivity
of genetic testing varies for different family members at risk.
The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services,
nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 相似文献
176.
Experiences of rejection in childhood play an important role in the etiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Additionally, individuals who report borderline symptoms report high levels of rejection sensitivity. The current study aimed to disentangle the relationship between experiences of rejection, rejection sensitivity and borderline characteristics. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed experiences of parental and peer rejection, collected data of self-reported rejection sensitivity and social support and prospectively investigated borderline characteristics in a sample of 193 students. Results indicated that rejection sensitivity fully mediated the previously significant relationship between experiences of parental rejection and borderline characteristics, whereas peer rejection maintained a significant effect on borderline traits. Social support was identified as a protective factor. Results indicated a crucial role of rejection sensitivity in borderline symptomatology. 相似文献
177.
Drone usage in fieldwork and participatory processes entails direct sensations that fold the pilot/planner and audience into one. Footage from drone filming entails direct kinesthetic and synesthetic effects that occur while one edits the film material, giving rise to affective responses. Through one experimental drone postproduction film, this article discusses how the interplay of vision, motion, and sound works as a set of gestures that comprise sensation as a (self- and co-) affection modus of immediation when one engages with moving images on-screen during drone filming, editing, and screening. The article builds upon Merleau-Ponty's film writings and Puig de la Bellacasa's touch/care perspectives. Specifically, it asks what constitutive aspects characterize the folding of the drone's/pilot's point of view (POV) in relation to the perceiver's POV during postediting, and to the conceiver's POV during subsequent viewings. The article's original contribution is to show how affective experiences are transposed as haptic touch via the same images and folded POVs. It also addresses a research methodological perspective on filmic mediations and written accounts. The article concludes by speculating about how the co-affective potential of the folding of POVs through drone imagery might inform fieldwork and participatory processes from perspectives of care and empathy. 相似文献
178.
Liselotte de Boer-Schellekens Jeroen J. Stekelenburg Jan Pieter Maes Arthur R. Van Gool Jean Vroomen 《Acta psychologica》2014
Visual temporal processing and multisensory integration (MSI) of sound and vision were examined in individuals with schizophrenia using a visual temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. Compared to a non-psychiatric control group, persons with schizophrenia were less sensitive judging the temporal order of two successively presented visual stimuli. However, their sensitivity to visual temporal order improved as in the control group when two accessory sounds were added (temporal ventriloquism). These findings indicate that individuals with schizophrenia have diminished sensitivity to visual temporal order, but no deficits in the integration of low-level auditory and visual information. 相似文献
179.
Neuroticism and extraversion have been linked to the etiologies and course of anxiety and mood disorders, such that neuroticism is broadly associated with numerous disorders and extraversion is most strongly associated with social anxiety and depression. While previous research has established the broad associations between temperament and emotional disorders, less is known about the specific, proximal factors that are associated with them, and very few studies have situated these risk factors into a larger etiological model that specifies how they may relate to one another. The current study examined the interaction of extraversion and anxiety sensitivity (AS) in predicting social anxiety symptoms in a large, diagnostically diverse clinical sample (N = 826). Symptoms were assessed with self-report and dimensional interview measures, and regression analyses were performed examining the main effects and interaction of extraversion and AS (examining both total and lower-order components) on social anxiety. Results showed that at higher levels of AS, the inverse relationship between extraversion and social anxiety was stronger, and the social concerns component of AS is responsible for this effect. This interaction was also observed with regard to depression symptoms, but the interaction was not present after accounting for shared variance (i.e., comorbidity) between depression and social anxiety symptoms. Clinical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
180.
This study aimed to examine the role of emotion regulation and reinforcement sensitivity in dysfunctional eating behaviours. Two hundred twenty‐eight adults from the Australian community completed self‐report inventories assessing the variables. Dysfunctional restrained eaters differed from those who did not engage in restrained eating in terms of their emotion regulation, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward. Difficulties in emotion regulation, low impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward predicted engagement in restrained eating. Emotional eaters significantly differed from those who did not engage in dysfunctional levels of emotional eating in terms of their emotion regulation, impulsivity, and sensitivity towards reward, and difficulties in emotion regulation predicted emotional eating. Finally, dysfunctional external eaters differed from non‐dysfunctional external eaters in terms of their emotion regulation, impulsivity, sensitivity towards reward, as well as sensitivity towards punishment, and difficulties with emotion regulation and sensitivity towards reward predicted external eating. These findings highlight the importance of the inclusion of emotional functioning in models of development and maintenance of eating disorders, and support the potential implementation of treatment interventions that address emotion regulation and include strategies to cope with impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivities. 相似文献