Parents' and preschool children's choices of disciplinary childrearing methods

Forty preschoolers individually were shown a videotape containing six 30-second scenes depicting common parent/child conflicts. The children were asked to tell the experimenter what they would do if they were the parent on the tape, and what their own parents would do if this happened at home. In addition, 15 mothers of these children were selected randomly to view the same scenes and to indicate their choice of conflict resolution methods. Taped responses of parents and children were then coded as verbal/physical coercion or no coercion. Results indicated that preschoolers tended to choose disciplinary actions in accordance with their perceptions of their parents' manner of dealing with the same situation, and also revealed a high congruence between parent and child on consequences for discipline. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the development of childrearing methods at an early age and the intergenerational transmission of family violence.     

Working with chronic and relentless self‐hatred,self‐harm and existential shame: a clinical study and reflections

This paper is the first of a two‐part series which explores some of the theoretical and experiential reference points that have emerged in my work with people whose relationship to their body and/or sense of self is dominated by self‐hatred and (what Hultberg describes as) existential shame. The first paper focuses on self‐hatred and the second paper focuses on shame. This first paper is structured around vignettes taken from a 14‐year analysis with a woman who was bulimic, self‐harmed and repeatedly described herself as ‘feeling like a piece of shit’. It draws together elements of Jung's concepts of the complex and symbol, and Laplanche's enigmatic signifier to focus on experiences of ‘inner otherness’ around which we are unconsciously organized. It also brings Jung's understanding that emotion is the chief source of consciousness into conversation with Laplanche's approach to the transference which is that by being aware that they do not ‘know’, the analyst provides a ‘hollow’ in which the patient's analytic process can evolve. These combinations of ideas are linked speculatively to emerging understandings of the neuroscience of perception and throughout the paper clinical material is used to illustrate these discussions.     

Entrevista Con H. F. Kanfer

RESUMEN

Esta entrevista comienza con el repaso de las diferencias entre el modelo original de autorregulación y el que presenta F. H. Kanfer en sus trabajos más recientes considerando, entre otras, las aportaciones de la teoría motivacional de Klinger a este último. Seguidamente el autor se centra en la dificultad de manejar el concepto de personalidad, expresando su poca confianza en que se descubra un pequeño número de variables de personalidad que permitan hacer predicciones amplias sobre conductas individuales. En la entrevista se tratan, además, cuestiones tales como la contribución de Cronbach (1975) respecto a los efectos temporales y contextuales, las relaciones entre la investigación sobre procesos cognitivos y su aplicación en la práctica clínica o los problemas de generalización en la terapia. También se explican las ventajas de los modelos mediacionales como el de autorregulación respecto a otros que no lo son, la utilidad del concepto de autorrefuerzo o la valoración de los estudios analógicos del autocontrol. En la última parte de la entrevista se clarifican las relaciones entre psicología comunitaria y psicología clínica, finalizando con algunas reflexiones en torno a los objetivos y contenidos de esta última.