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351.
Olivier Darrigol 《Synthese》2008,162(2):195-223
Any advanced theory of physics contains modules defined as essential components that are themselves theories with different
domains of application. Different kinds of modules can be distinguished according to the way in which they fit in the symbolic
and interpretive apparatus of a theory. The number and kind of the modules of a given theory vary as the theory evolves in
time. The relative stability of modules and the variability of their insertion in other theories play a vital role in the
application, comparison, construction, and communication of theories. Modularity conveys some global unity to physics through
the sharing of modules by diverse theories. This alternative to rigid hierarchies and holistic totalities permits a dynamical,
plastic, and symbiotic approach to physical theory. 相似文献
352.
Miriam Ronzoni 《Res Publica》2008,14(3):203-218
In his multi-faceted attack on Rawls’s account of justice, G.A. Cohen has argued that the notion of basic structure is necessarily
insensitive to the importance of informal social norms to social justice. The paper argues that the most plausible account
of the basic structure is not blind to informal social norms in any meaningful sense. Whereas informal, non-legally coercive
institutions are not part of the basic structure as such, their careful consideration is necessary for the assessment of whether the basic structure
itself is indeed just. This claim is based on an account of what it means for normative principle to apply to institutions,
which I expound in detail throughout the paper. Principles apply to institutions, I argue, not in that they restrain their
conduct, but in that they indicate which social conditions they should bring about.
相似文献
Miriam RonzoniEmail: |
353.
Immigration from the perspective of hosts and immigrants: Roles of psychological essentialism and social identity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Implicit person theory research can be conceptualized within the framework of psychological essentialism. Essentialist beliefs are associated with entity theories and both predict phenomena such as stereotyping. The present research extended previous work on the links between implicit theories and social identity processes, examining how essentialist beliefs are associated with social identification and processes related to prejudice and intergroup perception. After developing a new measure of essentialist beliefs in Study 1, Study 2 showed that these beliefs were associated with negative bias towards immigrants, particularly when participants were primed with an exclusive social identity. In Study 3, essentialist beliefs among immigrants moderated their adoption of Australian identity as a self-guide during acculturation. Essentialist beliefs therefore play a significant role in the psychology of social identity. 相似文献
354.
张艳梅 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(9)
在医疗保健领域功利主义具有重要作用。功利主义主张根据行为的结果进行道德判断,功利主义认为医疗保健政策应该满足大多数人的利益,应该根据治疗效果决定享有权和相应的治疗措施。这一思想在医疗保健领域体现为成本效益分析,通过收益的大小确定医疗资源分配的限度和范围。 相似文献
355.
Ecological and sensorimotor theories of perception build on the notion of action-dependent invariants as the basic structures underlying perceptual capacities. In this paper we contrast the assumptions these theories make on the nature of perceptual information modulated by action. By focusing on the question, how movement specifies perceptual information, we show that ecological and sensorimotor theories endorse substantially different views about the role of action in perception. In particular we argue that ecological invariants are characterized with reference to transformations produced in the sensory array by movement: such invariants are transformation-specific but do not imply motor-specificity. In contrast, sensorimotor theories assume that perceptual invariants are intrinsically tied to specific movements. We show that this difference leads to different empirical predictions and we submit that the distinction between motor equivalence and motor-specificity needs further clarification in order to provide a more constrained account of action/perception relations. 相似文献
356.
357.
《周易》是中国文化的宝贵遗产,它影响了中国文化的诸多方面。《周易》中的天人合一、阴阳互动、通变致久理论,为中国古代文论的主要哲学基础。 相似文献
358.
359.
Jolanda Jetten Kim Peters Belén Álvarez Bruno Gabriel Salvador Casara Michael Dare Kelly Kirkland Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez Hema Preya Selvanathan Stefanie Sprong Porntida Tanjitpiyanond Zhechen Wang Frank Mols 《Political psychology》2021,42(Z1):241-266
Economic inequality has been found to have pernicious effects, reducing mental and physical health, decreasing societal cohesion, and fueling support for nativist parties and illiberal autocratic leaders. We start this review with an outline of what social identity theorizing offers to the study of inequality. We then articulate four hypotheses that can be derived from the social identity approach: the fit hypothesis, the wealth-categorization hypothesis, the wealth-stereotype hypothesis, and the sociostructural hypothesis. We review the empirical literature that tests these hypotheses by exploring the effect of economic inequality, measured objectively by metrics such as the Gini coefficient as well as subjectively in terms of perceptions of economic inequality, on wealth categorization (of others and the self), the desire for more wealth and status, intergroup hostility, attitudes towards immigrants, prosocial behavior, stereotyping, the wish for a strong leader, the endorsement of conspiracy theories, and collective action intentions. As we will show, this research suggests that economic inequality may have even more far-reaching consequences than commonly believed. Indeed, investigating the effects of economic inequality on citizens' sociopolitical behaviors may be increasingly important in today's turbulent political and social landscape. 相似文献
360.
Rebecca Burwell 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2006,19(2):189-203
Career counselling aims to help clients become more effective agents in solving problems in their vocational aspects of life. To achieve this goal, theorists and practitioners are called upon to form useful helping approaches that can help clients in a more efficient and effective manner. This article proposes an alternative model toward this end by considering and adopting principles and techniques from the solution-focused therapy in career counselling practice. After a very brief introduction of the basic features of the solution-focused counselling, the paper reviews some key theoretical principles of the solution-focused therapy, and connects these principles to career counselling context. It then illustrates several solution-focused counselling techniques that are particularly applicable to career counselling intervention. 相似文献