从中国古代绘画考试想到一氧化氮(NO)的发现--对医学科研思路的认识

通过中国古代绘画考试与最新发现成果一氧化氮(NO)之间内在关系的比较,探讨医学科研思路方法学的意义,比较两者的思维方法和发现过程,绘画考试与发现成果一氧化氮(NO)之间从方法学上观察具有共通之处.科学研究中学术思想才是最重要的.     

儿童精细动作能力的发展及与其学业成绩的关系

研究了不同精细动作能力的发展、之间的内在联系及其与儿童学业成绩的关系。被试为151名4－8岁儿童以及30名本科生。精细动作能力的测查包括线条填画任务、图形临摹任务以及筷子技能测验。结果发现：（1）不同精细动作能力的发展速度从高到低依次为线条填画能力、图形临摹能力和筷子使用技能;（2）筷子使用技能与线条填画、图形临摹能力都显著相关,线条填画能力和年龄对筷子使用技能具有显著预测作用;（3）不同学业成绩儿童在各类精细动作能力上都存在显著差异。本研究说明,较基本的精细动作能力是复杂工具性技能发展的基础,同时在小学低年级阶段,儿童的精细动作能力与其学习活动之间存在密切联系。     

论医学人文精神的历史走向

医学人文精神和医学科学精神的整合交融,是医学走向成熟的标志,对生命的终极关怀,是医学人文精神的基本内涵;对医患关系的理解和介入方式,是医学人文精神切入实践的关键;医学人文品格是医学人文精神的良性载体和职业表征。是医生理想的职业人格。这四个问题从不同角度,不同层面凸现了医学人文精神的实质,反映了在新医学模式背景下医学人文精神的历史走向。     

Understanding Native American healing practices

Counselor cultural competency with respect to Native Americans requires understanding of common healing practices and ceremonies and of their spiritual significance. Historical trauma serves as a general backdrop for Native America experience and identity. Particular tribal practices and the individual's degree of affiliation with such practices provide a more specific context for client worldview. Knowledge of the symbolic significance of common ceremonies and healing practices will support counseling efforts to be relevant and effective with respect to Native American clients. Direct interaction and involvement with Native American communities facilitate a deeper understanding of Native American cultural identity and healing practices.     

从社会医学角度看我国结核病的防治

结核病目前在我国仍是一个重大的公共卫生问题。针对目前我国结核病防治过程中存在的一些问题以及DOTS策略的实施,从社会医学的角度思考认为,结核病的防治不仅仅是公共卫生问题,更是一个社会问题。传统的结核病防治思路有待商榷和完善,DOTS策略的实施应当紧密结合社会各因素,这为今后更好开展结核病防治工作提供了参考。     

转化医学在肺癌诊治中的应用

促进基础医学研究向临床应用的转化,同时根据临床医学的需求提出前瞻性的应用基础研究方向,是转化医学的核心思想。肺癌的诊治经过百年的发展,已经取得了一系列阶段性成果。在后基因组时代,如何将实验室发现的有意义结果转化为能提供临床实际应用的手段,真正实现肺癌的个体化治疗,是我们亟需解决的问题。     

微创体系中人文思想的探索

医学人文学是发展现代医学的一项重要内容.从微创医学体系中的人文思想、探索微创人文思想的意义、实现微创医学过程中的微创人文思想三个方面对建立在现代医学模式基础上的微创医学体系发展中的有关人文思想进行了系统的探索,以揭示微创医学体系中人文思想的意义和价值,同时强调其在医疗实践中的实际应用.     

Approaching Religious Guidelines for Chimera Policymaking

Recent developments in the use of cow egg cells to clone human somatic cells, and the grafting by researchers at several universities of human neurons into mice, bring the notion of the chimera, a mixture of several living organisms, from myth into reality. In his article “Cross‐Species Chimeras: Exploring a Possible Christian Perspective,” Neville Cobbe considers the religious arguments overlying the creation of human‐nonhuman chimeras. In my commentary I focus on the distinction between germline‐ and tissue transplant‐related chimeric techniques implicit in Cobbe's essay and argue that the former poses more serious moral difficulties than the latter if the chimeric product is brought to term. The substantive view of the imago Dei, or image of God, serves as a scaffold by which to judge the permissibility of chimera creation using stem cell and other tissue implants. While useful for judging the rights of such artificially generated beings, I argue that specific criteria such as proportion of tissue uptake, mental capacity, and adherence with the organism's telos are more appropriately considered within a composite image of the living being reflecting its unique integrality. Human co‐creativity with the Divine will inevitably prompt attempts to generate medically useful chimeras. Religious dialogue, combined with the categories of religious moral argument appearing in Cobbe's essay, will help to establish the outline of feasible policy guidelines addressing the complexities inherent in the creation of chimeras.     

Clinical ethics as medical hermeneutics

There are several branches of ethics. Clinical ethics, the one closest to medical decisionmaking, can be seen as a branch of medicine itself. In this view, clinical ethics is a unitary hermeneutics. Its rule is a guideline for unifying other theories of ethics in conjunction with the clinical context. Put another way, clinical ethics interprets the clinical situation in light of a balance of other values that, while guiding the decisionmaking process, also contributes to the very weighting of those values. The case itself originates ideas, not only about which value ought to predominate in its resolution, but also provides the origin of clinical rules that can be used in other cases. These are interpretive rules. Some examples of these rules are presented as well.     

INCREASING THE IMMUNIZATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN; AN EVALUATION OF APPLIED COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS

We evaluated the relative impact of four procedures designed to encourage parents to obtain immunizations for their children. In a public health setting, the families of 1,133 immunization-deficient preschool children were randomly assigned to six conditions: (a) a general prompt; (b) a more client-specific prompt; (c) a specific prompt and increased public health clinic access; (d) a specific prompt and monetary incentives; (e) contact control; and (f) no contact control. All interventions, except the general prompt, produced some evidence of improvement when compared with the control groups. The monetary incentive group revealed the largest effect, followed by the increased access group, specific prompt group, and general prompt group, respectively. The data suggest that relatively powerful and immediate effects on preschoolers' clinic attendance for immunization may be produced by monetary incentives in conjunction with client-specific prompts. However, client-specific prompts alone appear to be the most cost-effective of the interventions.