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901.
We show that the variety of n-dimensional weakly higher order cylindric algebras, introduced in Németi [9], [8], is finitely axiomatizable when n > 2. Our result implies that in certain non-well-founded set theories the finitization problem of algebraic logic admits
a positive solution; and it shows that this variety is a good candidate for being the cylindric algebra theoretic counterpart
of Tarski’s quasi-projective relation algebras.
Supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research grant T73601. 相似文献
902.
In an ethnically diverse sample of 195 married couples, we conducted a latent factor growth analysis to investigate the longitudinal link (4 time points over 4½ years) between marital aggression (physical and verbal aggression self‐ and partner‐reports) and individual internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) as they relate to trajectories of alcohol use among husbands and wives. Alcohol use was operationalized as a latent factor with self‐ and partner reports of problem drinking as measured by the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Alcohol Dependence Scale. Verbal aggression by husbands or wives, by itself, has no effect on their alcohol use over time. In conjunction with depression, however, verbally aggressive husbands do have elevated drinking levels. The effects of husbands' and wives' physical aggression on their own and their partners' drinking behavior were also significant. This study is one of the first to examine the change over time in alcohol use for marital partners as related to marital aggression and internalizing symptoms. Our results shed light on areas of marital functioning (aggression, internalizing, alcohol use) that have not been investigated in conjunction with each other in a longitudinal design. Aggr. Behav. 35:296–312, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
903.
Timo Kajamies 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):525-534
In his topical article, Andrew Cling claims that the best extant formulation of the so-called epistemic regress problem rests
on five assumptions that are too strong. Cling offers an improved version that rests on a different set of three core epistemic
assumptions, each of which he argues for. Despite of owing a great deal to Cling’s ideas, I argue that the epistemic regress
problem surfaces from more fundamental assumptions than those offered by Cling. There are ultimately two core assumptions—in
fact two contradictory strands within the concept of epistemic support—which jointly create a powerful challenge for our pursuit
of paramount epistemic values.
相似文献
Timo KajamiesEmail: |
904.
Baron Reed 《Philosophical Studies》2009,142(1):91-104
The traditional argument for skepticism relies on a comparison between a normal subject and a subject in a skeptical scenario:
because there is no relevant difference between them, neither has knowledge. Externalists respond by arguing that there is
in fact a relevant difference—the normal subject is properly situated in her environment. I argue, however, that there is
another sort of comparison available—one between a normal subject and a subject with a belief that is accidentally true—that
makes possible a new argument for skepticism. Unlike the traditional form of skeptical argument, this new argument applies
equally well to both internalist and externalist theories of knowledge.
相似文献
Baron ReedEmail: |
905.
Guy Kahane 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):193-214
Although most people believe that it is morally wrong to intentionally create children who have an impairment, it is widely
held that we cannot criticize such procreative choices unless we find a solution to Parfit’s non-identity problem. I argue
that we can. Jonathan Glover has recently argued that, in certain circumstances, such choices would be self-defeating even
if morally permissible. I argue that although the scope of Glover’s argument is too limited, it nevertheless directs attention
to a moral defect in the attitudes that could motivate such procreative choices, attitudes that, properly characterized, turn
out to be person-affecting in character. I conclude by arguing that prospective parents who want to create a child with an
impairment face a dilemma. If they want to avoid the charge that their aim is morally defective, they must deny that the desired
impairment is harmful. But this would commit them to endorsing the controversial claim that it is morally permissible or even
required to turn normal children into impaired ones.
相似文献
Guy KahaneEmail: |
906.
In some cases people judge it morally acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life in order to save several other lives, while in other similar cases they make the opposite judgment. Researchers have identified two general factors that may explain this phenomenon at the stimulus level: (1) the agent’s intention (i.e. whether the harmful event is intended as a means or merely foreseen as a side-effect) and (2) whether the agent harms the victim in a manner that is relatively “direct” or “personal”. Here we integrate these two classes of findings. Two experiments examine a novel personalness/directness factor that we call personal force, present when the force that directly impacts the victim is generated by the agent’s muscles (e.g., in pushing). Experiments 1a and b demonstrate the influence of personal force on moral judgment, distinguishing it from physical contact and spatial proximity. Experiments 2a and b demonstrate an interaction between personal force and intention, whereby the effect of personal force depends entirely on intention. These studies also introduce a method for controlling for people’s real-world expectations in decisions involving potentially unrealistic hypothetical dilemmas. 相似文献
907.
Thomas J. Misa 《Synthese》2009,168(3):357-375
In this paper, I outline several methodological questions that we need to confront. The chief question is how can we identify
the nature of technological change and its varied cultural consequences—including social, political, institutional, and economic
dimensions—when our different research methods, using distinct ‘levels’ or ‘scales’ of analysis, yield contradictory results.
What can we say, in other words, when our findings about technology follow from the framings of our inquiries? In slightly different terms, can we combine insights from the fine-grained “social shaping of technology”
as well as from complementary approaches accenting the “technological shaping of society?” As a way forward, I will suggest
conducting multi-scale inquiries into the processes of technological and cultural change. This will involve recognizing and
conceptualizing the analytical scales or levels on which we conduct inquiry (very roughly, micro, meso, macro) as well as
outlining strategies for moving within and between these scales or levels. Of course we want and need diverse methodologies
for analyzing technology and culture. I find myself in sympathy with geographer Brenner (New state spaces: urban governance
and the rescaling of statehood, 2004, p. 7), who aspires to a “theoretically precise yet also historically specific conceptualization
of [technological change] as a key dimension of social, political and economic life.” 相似文献
908.
John Turri 《Synthese》2009,166(1):157-163
This paper critically evaluates the regress argument for infinitism. The dialectic is essentially this. Peter Klein argues
that only an infinitist can, without being dogmatic, enhance the credibility of a questioned non-evident proposition. In response,
I demonstrate that a foundationalist can do this equally well. Furthermore, I explain how foundationalism can provide for
infinite chains of justification. I conclude that the regress argument for infinitism should not convince us. 相似文献
909.
McComas JJ 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2009,32(2):301-307
In the context of instructional demands, compliance and problem behavior can be considered concurrent operants. Of applied interest is increasing one response (i.e., compliance) while decreasing the other (i.e., problem behavior). Strategic arrangement of reinforcement can alter response allocation accordingly. Such schedules can also influence response persistence and generalization. A case study is used to illustrate the effects of stimulus-reinforcer relations in a concurrent-operants arrangement involving an adult with developmental disabilities and problem behavior. Results are discussed in the context of basic operant research findings in the areas of stimulus control and behavioral persistence. 相似文献
910.
我国医院感染管理存在问题及对策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
张晓芸 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2009,30(2):42-43
医院感染是影响医疗质量的临床难题。控制医院感染,仅仅通过专职管理人员是不够的,应充分发挥国家政策导向作用,通过宏观调控与微观干预相结合的方法,促使医院真正重视医院感染,变“要我控制医院感染”为“我要控制医院感染”,使医务人员变“被动接受感染控制”为“主动参与感染控制”,促使医院感染控制工作不断深化。 相似文献