Factor analysis for non-normal variables

Factor analysis for nonnormally distributed variables is discussed in this paper. The main difference between our approach and more traditional approaches is that not only second order cross-products (like covariances) are utilized, but also higher order cross-products. It turns out that under some conditions the parameters (factor loadings) can be uniquely determined. Two estimation procedures will be discussed. One method gives Best Generalized Least Squares (BGLS) estimates, but is computationally very heavy, in particular for large data sets. The other method is a least squares method which is computationally less heavy. In one example the two methods will be compared by using the bootstrap method. In another example real life data are analyzed.This paper has partly been written while the author was a visiting scholar at the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. He wants to thank Peter Bentler who made this stay at UCLA possible and for his valuable contributions to this paper. This research was supported by the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O) under number R56-150 and by USPHS Grant DA01070.     

气质和教养方式对青少年病理性网络的影响：独特与交互效应检验

考察气质（感觉寻求、意志控制）和教养方式（权威、专制、纵容）对青少年病理性网络使用（PIU）的独特效应,以及气质间对青少年PIU的交互效应和气质与教养方式对青少年PIU的交互效应。采用气质问卷、教养方式问卷和青少年PIU问卷,对1312名青少年进行调查。结果显示：（1）意志控制、感觉寻求、专制教养对青少年PIU有独特效应,权威教养、纵容教养对青少年PIU没有独特效应;（2）气质内部交互影响青少年PIU,意志控制缓冲感觉寻求的风险作用。（3）教养方式调节部分气质与青少年PIU的关系,具体为权威教养缓冲感觉寻求的风险作用,纵容教养增强感觉寻求的风险作用。     

邓小平伦理思想的独特地位——纪念邓小平诞辰100周年

邓小平伦理思想是继毛泽东伦理思想之后我们党和人民又一重大的伦理学成果和宝贵财富 ,它以改革开放的道德价值视野、“三个有利于”的道德价值取向和在“三个面向”中培养“四有新人”的理想关怀 ,贡献给了 2 0世纪马克思主义伦理思想宝库许多新的内容。邓小平伦理思想体现了解放思想 ,实事求是和与时俱进的理论特质 ,全面回答了在中国这样一个经济文化还比较落后的社会主义大国如何建设先进的现代化的伦理文化的问题 ,并以立足本国而又面向世界和未来的开放胆识昭示于世界伦理学之林     

评论不一致性对消费者的双面影响:产品属性与调节定向的调节

以往有研究指出在线评论的不一致性会给企业带来负面影响,也有研究发现存在正面影响。之所以会存在两种截然相反的结论是因为,以往研究没有深入分析评论内容,忽略了造成不一致性的根源所在。通过引入产品属性及消费者调节定向,力图解释以往两种看似冲突的结论。结果表明:评论不一致性会通过影响消费者对产品的风险和独特性感知进而影响其购买意向;垂直属性评论(水平属性)不一致性越高,越会激发消费者的风险感知(独特性感知),进而降低(提高)购买意向;并且消费者调节定向对产品属性的调节作用会进一步调节。     

Alpha,Dimension-Free,and Model-Based Internal Consistency Reliability

As pointed out by Sijtsma (in press), coefficient alpha is inappropriate as a single summary of the internal consistency of a composite score. Better estimators of internal consistency are available. In addition to those mentioned by Sijtsma, an old dimension-free coefficient and structural equation model based coefficients are proposed to improve the routine reporting of psychometric internal consistency. The various ways to measure internal consistency are also shown to be appropriate to binary and polytomous items. Research supported in part by grants DA00017 and DA01070 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. This paper is based in part on Bentler (2003).     

Does matching up features mess up job choice? Boundary conditions on attribute‐salience effects

Research in decision making has suggested that the degree to which features of an option are shared versus unique influences preferences in a way that violates normative rules. The generalizability of these findings to job choice was investigated. Senior‐level, undergraduate job seekers (N = 216) were presented with three jobs from which they were asked to choose one. Attributes for two of the jobs (A and B) remained invariant across conditions, and attributes for a third job (C) were manipulated such that it shared unfavorable features with one of the invariant jobs (A or B) and favorable attributes with the other job (B or A). Results suggested that jobs with unique positive features and shared negative features were preferred over those with unique negative features and shared positive features only when information was presented in a simple (versus complex) format and when participants did not rate the importance of attributes prior to the choice task. We suggest that inferences from feature‐matching research should be qualified by these boundary conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.