联想学习对消费行为的影响：基于产品搜索经验的视角

消费者能够基于长期形成的联结产生预期并引导产品搜索。然而, 在实际搜索过程中, 消费者可能会遭遇符合预期的经验或违反预期的经验。本研究主要探讨基于不同产品搜索经验的联想学习影响消费行为的机制, 主要涉及(1)消费者是否会基于产品搜索经验的联想学习产生“违反预期”的预期, 并且影响随后搜索中的注意加工; (2)违反预期和符合预期的产品搜索经验对任务无关信息的联想学习所产生的影响, 同时关注先前短期的联想学习能否建立预期从而引导随后的产品注意搜索过程; (3)基于产品搜索经验的联想学习对产品偏好的影响, 并将行为偏好和大脑奖赏进行联系。本研究有助于阐明消费情境中产品搜索对消费者行为和大脑的影响机制, 为营销应用中通过改变消费体验、促进产品购买提供实证依据。     

The effect of goal activation on the evaluation of hybrid products1

A hybrid product (i.e. a multifinal means) is connected with goals relevant to the key functionalities best served by the product categories constituting the product. Given that single‐ or multiple‐category inference for a hybrid product can be elicited in individuals, we propose that single‐ (vs. multiple‐) category inference can lead to a relatively higher preference for the hybrid product if only one of the key focal goals that the hybrid product can satisfy is activated. We also explore whether the evaluation of a hybrid product in single‐category inference will reflect valuation and/or devaluation effects if only one of multiple key focal goals attached to the hybrid product is active.     

Schema and deviation effects in remembering repeated unfamiliar stories

In today's globalized world, we frequently encounter unfamiliar events that we may have difficulty comprehending – and in turn remembering – due to a lack of appropriate schemata. This research investigated schema effects in a situation where participants established a complex new schema for an unfamiliar type of story through exposure to four variations. We found that immediate recall increased across subsequent stories and that distortions occurred less frequently – participants built on the emerging schema and gradually established representations of parts of the story that were initially transformed. In recall with delays increasing up to 1 month, quantitative measures indicated forgetting while distortions increased. The second focus of this research was on content and order deviation effects on recall. The content deviation, in contrast with previous repeated-event research, was not remembered well and was associated with lower recall; the order deviation had a similar (but expected) effect. We discuss discrepancies between results of this study and previous literature, which had focused on schemata for familiar events, in relation to stages of schema development: it seems that in unfamiliar repeated events, a complex new schema is in the early stages of formation, where the lack of attentional resources limits active processing of deviations.     

Corporate Capitalism and the Common Good: A Framework for Addressing the Challenges of a Global Economy

This article ventures a framework for assessing the contributions capitalism might make to the common good. Capitalism has manifest strengths—efficiency, growth, support for human freedoms, encouragement for collaboration among nations that are not natural allies. Processes that generate these goods have negative consequences as well—the exploitation of labor, environmental harm, the marginalization of the "least advantaged," the reduction of politics to strategies for advancing special interests. To constrain the negative consequences, public oversight is necessary. The challenge is to devise policies that will limit the harms while protecting conditions that enable free markets to flourish. The paper concludes with an illustrative sketch of policy proposals that exemplify this goal.     

The 7 C's of Creativity

This paper presents a framework for conceptualizing work on creativity in terms of 7 C's. These are: Creators, Creating, Collaborations, Contexts, Creations, Consumption, and Curricula. The content of these thema are described and situated with respect to previous proposals.     

战场睡眠管理研究

良好的睡眠是完成作战任务的重要保障,但艰苦而残酷的现代战场环境很容易诱发参战人员产生睡眠障碍。为此,战场睡眠管理首先着眼战场心理防护,研究并总结战场睡眠规律,实施睡眠援助,保障我军战斗力。在此基础上,运用灵活的战术、攻心宣传和睡眠武器对敌实施睡眠干扰。