Why Not Open the Black Box of Journal Editing in Philosophy? Make Peer Reviews of Published Papers Available

Despite general agreement within philosophy that peer review is indispensable, its fairness and reliability is often questioned. This article suggests that such worries can to a large extent be met by adopting the practice that reviews as well as earlier versions of papers are made publicly available when the final version of a paper is published. This suggestion combines the advantages of transparency with the merits of anonymity of reviewers. While there are obstacles to this suggestion, the article argues that it would be worthwhile to implement it because it can help map patterns of conduct and secure confidence in the fairness and reliability of review procedures and journal editing within philosophy.     

Transition to a new global paradigm of development and the role of the united nations in this process

In his 2011 Laszlo, E. (2011). Global bifurcation: The decision window. Journal of Globalization Studies, 2(2), pp. 3–6. [Google Scholar] article “Global Bifurcation: The Decision Window” Ervin Laszlo notes that “we have reached a watershed in our social and cultural evolution. The sciences of systems tell us that when complex open systems … approach a condition of critical instability, they face a moment of truth: they either transform or break down.” (p. 108) In this article we provide our own vision of this Global Bifurcation. This work stems naturally from the research highlighted in the article titled “Transition to Crisis-Free Development: A Myth or Reality?” that was published in World Futures (Bondarenko, 2014a Bondarenko, V. (2014a). Transition to crisis-free development: A myth or reality? World Futures, 70, 93–119.[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). In our new article, we move forward suggesting that crises-free development is not only possible but is also very likely, and paradoxically the world is now going through the most challenging transition from one paradigm of development to another. Based on our previous research as well as the findings of the Fifth Report to the Club of Rome, we suggest reasons for the development and implementation of a megaproject featuring a new model of life so as to make the paradigm shift possible, exclude negative implications of the upcoming technological “singularity,” and foster the achievement of an objectively defined goal of development, and this should reasonably require support from and direct involvement of the United Nations. The mechanism for implementation of this model suggests coordinating interests of the government, society, and business communities on each level with interests of particular individuals.     

COMT基因Val158Met多态性与同伴关系对青少年抑郁的影响

以1048名汉族青少年为被试,采用问卷法和基因分型技术,综合运用传统回归分析和新兴的再参数化回归分析,考察COMT基因Val158Met多态性与同伴关系对青少年抑郁的交互作用模式及其性别差异。结果发现,COMT基因与同伴接纳和同伴拒绝交互预测青少年抑郁,具体表现为,在低同伴接纳或高同伴拒绝环境中,携带ValVal基因型的青少年抑郁水平高于Met等位基因携带者;在高同伴接纳或低同伴拒绝环境中,携带ValVal基因型的青少年抑郁水平低于Met等位基因携带者。此外,COMT基因与同伴接纳和同伴拒绝的交互作用与男生抑郁的关联更加密切。结果显示,COMT基因与同伴关系的交互效应为不同易感性模型提供了证据,而且该基因×环境交互效应存在性别差异。     

发展性阅读障碍与脑异常的因果关系:研究范式及发现

关于阅读障碍神经机制的研究已经有很多,但到目前为止,研究者仍不完全清楚,阅读障碍者脑区的异常,究竟是阅读障碍的原因还是结果。研究者发展出不同的研究范式来探究此问题,包括学龄前研究、双对照组研究、纵向研究等。文中综述了这些研究范式各具的优势、不足和研究结果之间的一致性,并分析了确认因果关系之所以困难的原因。在此基础上,提出如下建议：（1）细致区分阅读障碍的亚类型;（2）以成熟和完善的阅读认知-神经模型为指导;（3）通过不同的研究范式进行交叉印证;（4）综合考虑脑的动态发展变化特点,和基因、环境、经验的作用等多种因素的影响。     

社区暴力暴露与初中生外化问题行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

本研究采用问卷法对1041名初一中学生进行调查,考察了结交越轨同伴在社区暴力暴露与青少年外化问题行为关系间的中介作用,以及该过程是否受母子关系和/或父子关系的调节。结果发现：（1）在控制了年龄、性别、亲子关系、父母受教育水平、家庭类型、家庭人均月收入后,社区暴力暴露对初中生外化问题行为仍具有显著的正向预测作用;（2）社区暴力暴露不仅可以直接正向预测青少年外化问题行为,还可以通过结交越轨同伴而间接预测初中生外化问题行为;（3）母子关系显著调节社区暴力暴露对结交越轨同伴的影响,而父子关系显著调节结交越轨同伴对初中生外化问题行为的影响。     

More focused attention upon relationship; another call for paradigm shift in psychiatry

Much of what are understood as ‘mental health difficulties’ reflects shortcomings in the ability to develop and sustain healthy relationships. Many of those embarking upon life as someone with a psychiatric diagnosis are people whose difficulties can be traced to adolescence, or even earlier in life. Unsatisfactory relational experiences during childhood are acknowledged contributors to subsequent psychological vulnerability. Numerous studies identify associations between other forms of relational disturbance, and the onset and maintenance of psychological difficulties. Some eighty years’ psychotherapy research has repeatedly suggested that the quality of therapeutic relationship is a major determinant of outcome. Sophisticated analyses of large databases now confirm this beyond doubt. All concur that social exclusion and stigma are the most disabling consequences of living as someone with a psychiatric diagnosis. None of these facts are disputed but there is continuing resistance to broad acknowledgement of their implications. This has many parallels with other examples of paradigm shift, as so clearly outlined by Thomas Kuhn. Uncertainties about the value of medical psychiatry and growing recognition of the role relationships play in the genesis and relief of mental health difficulties suggest that psychiatry can be seen in similar terms. This paper develops that thesis.     

Pre-stressor cognitive control is related to intrusive cognition of a stressful film

It has been suggested that relatively weak cognitive control existing prior to a stressful event may be associated with intrusive memories of that stressor afterwards. We explored this in two analog studies employing unselected participants who saw an emotional film fragment and completed behavioral (i.e., color-naming interference [CNI]) and self-report indices of intrusions. Prior to film presentation, several cognitive control tests were administered. Study 1 showed that better updating/monitoring was linked to less CNI from negative film-related words. However, better updating/monitoring was associated with more diary reports of intrusive memories. Study 2 showed that a better resistance to pro-active interference (PI) predicted less self-reported film-related intrusive cognition after 24h. However, after this delay, both self-reported intrusions and CNI were not related to updating/monitoring. Taken together, the results suggest that a specific pre-existing cognitive control function (i.e., resistance to PI) may be involved in the regulation of post-stressor intrusive memory phenomena.