论心理学两种研究范式的整合趋向

本文从方法学的视角分析了心理学研究的两大基本范式。文中讨论了量的研究与质的研究在本体论、认识论、价值论方面存在的差异,探讨了量的研究与质的研究整合的逻辑依据与历史依据。量的研究与质的研究存在各自的优缺点,它们的整合是必要的,也是可能的。文中进一步探讨了量的研究与质的研究整合的基本方式,包括次序式整合、平行式整合、交叉式整合等。     

Teasing,rejection, and violence: Case studies of the school shootings

Media commentators have suggested that recent school shootings were precipitated by social rejection, but no empirical research has examined this claim. Case studies were conducted of 15 school shootings between 1995 and 2001 to examine the possible role of social rejection in school violence. Acute or chronic rejection—in the form of ostracism, bullying, and/or romantic rejection—was present in all but two of the incidents. In addition, the shooters tended to be characterized by one or more of three other risk factors—an interest in firearms or bombs, a fascination with death or Satanism, or psychological problems involving depression, impulse control, or sadistic tendencies. Implications for understanding and preventing school violence are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 29:202–214, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

系统式团体心理辅导改善儿童同伴关系的研究

本研究将系统家庭治疗的思想及技术移植到学校情景中,对实验班人际距离较远的5名嫌弃儿在原班级中开展团体心理辅导活动.实验结果表明:嫌弃儿的人际距离明显改善.辅导中系统思想的引入、积极取向的气氛对同伴关系辅导有特殊的效果.     

移植免疫中微嵌合现象给我们的思考

随着移植免疫学研究的不断深入发展,诱导免疫耐受克服移植排斥反应已成为器官移植的主要研究目标。Starzl提出“双向移植排斥理论”并阐述临床使用免疫抑制药物下移植排斥反应的特点,突破了原有单向移植排斥理论的框架。“双向移植排斥理论”及理论内存在的问题给予我们众多有益的思考,在移植免疫学研究中,只有坚持用系统原则动态的看待事物间的联系与矛盾,进行科学实践,才能获得正确的理论,从而进一步推动移植免疫学的发展。     

同伴团体对儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能关系的影响

运用同伴评价、教师评估和学校记录等多种渠道收集关于同伴团体、社会功能、同伴接纳以及学业成就的资料,旨在考察同伴团体与儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能的关系。研究发现：绝大多数儿童青少年都有自己的同伴团体。这些同伴团体在学业成就上有很高的同质性。学业成就与社会适应无论在团体内的个体水平还是在团体水平上都密切相关。而且,团体的学业表现是个体学业成就和社会适应间的重要调节因素,表明团体学业规范对个体水平上学业成就与社会功能的关系有增强或是减弱的作用。这项研究再一次证明同伴团体在儿童个体发展中的重要意义。     

从认知范式到人本范式 --创造性心理学研究范式的整体性转型

长期以来,认知范式创造性心理学将研究的重心放在个体创造性思维的发散性运演与转化上,排斥价值性研究。而人本范式创造性心理学将研究重心放在个体的人性建设上,从根本上实现了创造性心理学研究范式的整体性转型。本文对人本范式创造性心理学的哲学基础、主要观点、方法论思想、影响及局限作了简明扼要的阐释。     

The examination of factors influencing the recognition of affective states associated with tennis players’ non-verbal behaviour

In tennis, the non-verbal behaviours shown after a rally may indicate the affective state of players. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether (a) the point outcome, (b) the duration of video-excerpts, and (c) the tennis expertise of the participants would influence the recognition rates of the affective state. To that end, 115 participants were shown non-verbal behaviour of tennis players after a point and asked to rate whether the player had just won or lost a point. The results indicate that the recognition rates were higher for lost than for won points. Moreover, participants who were members of a tennis club had a higher recognition rate. Finally, there was no difference in the recognition rate regarding the duration of video excerpts. The findings point to a negativity bias and the bio-cultural framework in relation to the recognition of affective states associated with non-verbal behaviour.     

The Destiny of Creation: Theological Ethical Reflections on Laudato Si'

In this essay, I ask what the precise relation is between Laudato si's theology and its claims about our individual and corporate responsibility for the environment and the plight of the poor. To do so, I first clarify the relationship between the theological claims and its account of moral norms, situating the text within the history of western ethical theory. I then turn to reconstruct the submerged theology of the encyclical, focusing on Pope Francis's accounts of the techno‐economic paradigm and the possibility of an “integral ecology” paradigm. I end by assessing the text in terms of the coherence and plausibility of its argument as an ethical and theological statement.