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1.
Prior research has indicated that frequent feedback could reduce residential electricity consumption by 10% to 15%. However, because feedback was primarily given in written form, this procedure might not be practical. The present study evaluated a potentially more practical feedback procedure during peak-use periods with high electricity consuming households. The study was conducted during the winter in an upper-middle class neighborhood of almost identical, all-electric townhouses (N = 71) that averaged about 170 KWH per day per household for a monthly bill of over $200. Twelve households received daily written feedback. Sixteen households (self-monitoring) were taught to read their outdoor electricity meter and to record KWH used every day. A comparison group was composed of 14 households that had volunteered to participate and 29 others that had only given permission to have their meters read. During a 1-month period that the procedures were in effect, the feedback group reduced consumption by 13% and the self-monitoring group by about 7%. These reductions, relative to the comparison group, were maintained during an early spring 1-month follow-up period and, to a lesser extent, during a 6-week warm spring period. Self-monitoring participants were highly reliable and persistent meter readers. Reductions in electricity use were reported by households to be largely attributable to lowering of the heat thermostat, and large monetary and KWH savings were found. Techniques to make self-monitoring cost-effective important components of the self-monitoring procedure, methods to apply self-monitoring more broadly, and plans to combine behavioral procedures with physical technology are discussed.  相似文献   
2.
以道德推脱理论为基础,运用问卷调查法,通过对776名员工的调查,探讨了德行领导对员工不道德行为和利他行为的影响及道德推脱在这一影响中的中介作用。研究发现:(1)德行领导会抑制员工不道德行为的产生、促进员工利他行为的出现;(2)道德推脱会促进员工不道德行为的产生、抑制员工利他行为的出现;(3)德行领导通过道德推脱的完全中介作用负向影响员工的不道德行为,通过道德推脱的部分中介作用正向影响员工的利他行为。  相似文献   
3.
《心理学报》2025,57(4)
越来越多的企业采用品牌拟人化沟通的方式进行品牌传播, 促进绿色消费倾向。本研究将基于习得可评估性理论, 探索品牌拟人化沟通对绿色消费倾向的影响机制及边界条件。本研究共包含4个实验。实验1表明品牌拟人化沟通能够有效促进绿色消费倾向, 构建了从品牌拟人化沟通到习得可评估性到品牌环保价值敏感性再到绿色消费倾向的完整因果链。实验2界定主效应的边界, 发现相比于普通品牌, 主效应在绿色品牌情境中更显著, 再次验证主效应的理论逻辑。实验3分析了消费者动机类型(利己/利他)对主效应的调节作用。结果表明,当消费者利他动机被激发时, 品牌拟人化沟通能够显著地促进绿色消费倾向, 当消费者利己动机被激发时, 品牌拟人化沟通不会影响绿色消费倾向。实验4验证了产品类型(搜索品/体验品)对主效应的调节作用。结果表明当产品类型为搜索品时,品牌拟人化沟通能够显著地促进绿色消费倾向, 当产品类型为体验品时, 品牌拟人化沟通不会影响绿色消费倾向。本研究拓展了品牌拟人化沟通以及绿色消费相关领域的研究。  相似文献   
4.
时间贴现是指个人对事件的价值量估计随着时间的流逝而下降的心理现象,它是行为选择理论的一个重要组成部分。着重介绍了时间贴现的数学模型(指数模型、双曲线模型族、非双曲线模型)、时间贴现现象和概率贴现现象的联系、延迟兑现与提前兑现时间贴现不对称现象及其理论解释,还讨论了时间贴现现象的神经机制研究。提出了时间贴现未来研究的几个主要问题  相似文献   
5.
《心理学报》2025,57(7)
不道德亲家庭行为在组织中普遍存在且代价高昂, 当前已经成为学术界与管理层关注的焦点问题。现有文献主要聚焦于不道德亲家庭行为的前因研究, 对其后果的探讨尚显不足。本文基于不确定性-认同理论构建了不道德亲家庭行为影响员工工作和家庭生活的综合模型。通过实验研究、三方配对的多时点问卷调查研究以及5次纵向追踪研究, 本文发现不道德亲家庭行为会增强员工的家庭认同, 并通过家庭认同降低员工的组织公民行为以及家庭不文明行为。道德认同中心性调节上述效应, 当道德认同中心性较高时, 不道德亲家庭行为对家庭认同的正向影响及其对组织公民行为和家庭不文明行为的间接影响会被削弱。此外, 不道德亲家庭行为的积极后效具有短暂性, 其通过家庭认同降低家庭不文明行为的间接效应在4周后逐渐减弱, 并于6周后消失。本文为理解不道德亲家庭行为的后果、机制及边界条件提供了新视角, 对组织管理和家庭关系管理具有重要启示意义。  相似文献   
6.
程垦  林英晖 《心理科学进展》2019,27(6):1111-1122
亲组织不道德行为是近年来组织行为学界广泛关注的研究议题。但是, 关于亲组织不道德行为的概念内涵, 目前还存在一定模糊性。基于动机视角, 从亲组织不道德行为的定义、特征、动机、类型等方面, 对亲组织不道德行为的概念模糊性进行细致解构与深入剖析, 形成相对系统的亲组织不道德行为概念内涵; 并据此概念内涵背后的动机逻辑, 对现有的亲组织不道德行为影响因素进行分类梳理, 阐释其对亲组织不道德行为的影响机制; 最后, 从细分类型、测量工具、研究视角、影响因素、抑制机制、影响效应与本土化等方面为后续研究提供针对性的建议。  相似文献   
7.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of maternal and paternal alcohol consumption as independent risk factors in postneonatal mortality. Questions on the frequency and quantity of alcoholic drinks consumed were included in a questionnaire used as part of a case-control study. Over a period of 11 months the families of 157 cases and 468 controls, matched for age and locality, were interviewed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained by matched univariate analysis and by multiple conditional logistic regression. Maternal consumption during pregnancy, maternal consumption during breastfeeding and maternal consumption in the past year were not risk factors for postneonatal mortality. A multiple matched analysis did not alter these results. Matched univariate analysis of paternal alcohol consumption gave several positive results, including variables pertaining to the father's consumption in a multiple logistic regression model with traditional risk factors, which revealed that the frequency of paternal consumption in the last year, as estimated by the mother, was found to have a significant effect on postneonatal mortality.  相似文献   
8.
    
Exploring what modulates people's trust in evidence of hiring discrimination is crucial to the deployment of corrective policies. Here, we explore one powerful source of variation in such judgments: moral commitment to gender equality (MCGE), that is, perceptions of the issue as a moral imperative and as identity-defining. Across seven experiments (N = 3579), we examined folk evaluations of scientific reports of hiring discrimination in academia. Participants who were more morally committed to gender equality were more likely to trust rigorous, experimental evidence of gender discrimination against women. This association between moral commitment and research evaluations was not reducible to prior beliefs, and largely explained a sex difference in people's evaluations on the issue. On a darker note, however, MCGE was associated with increased chances of fallaciously inferring discrimination against women from contradictory evidence. Overall, our results suggest that moral convictions amplify people's myside bias, bringing about both benefits and costs in the public consumption of science.  相似文献   
9.
    
The process of goal pursuit provides a unique opportunity to investigate real-life psychological implications of unethical behaviors. In two studies, we had participants recall the frequency of engaging in unethical behaviors during goal pursuit and report current experience of negative affect and meaning in life, during different goal states (i.e., ongoing vs. completed). Both studies revealed that meaning in life was negatively associated with unethical behaviors implemented in the process of pursuing a goal only after but not prior to goal completion. Negative affect, however, was positively associated with unethical behavior frequencies in both goal states. The current research helps integrate studies on personal goals and unethical behaviors, and sheds light on the dynamic consequences of engaging in unethical behaviors.  相似文献   
10.
    
Adolescents face exceptional challenges and opportunities that may have a lifelong impact on their consumption and personal and societal well‐being. Parents, community members (schools and neighborhoods), and policymakers play major roles in shaping adolescents and influencing their engagement in consumption behaviors that are either developmentally problematic (e.g., drug use and unhealthy eating) or developmentally constructive (e.g., academic pursuits and extracurricular activities). In this article, we discuss two main topics: (a) the challenges and opportunities that characterize adolescence, based primarily on research in epidemiology and neuroscience, and (b) the ways that parents, community members, and policymakers can facilitate positive adolescent development, based on research from many disciplines including marketing, psychology, sociology, communications, public health, and education. Our goal is to summarize the latest scientific findings that can be used by various stakeholders to help adolescents navigate this turbulent period and become well‐adjusted, thriving adults.  相似文献   
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