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131.
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关系补救是当一种侵犯行为导致关系中的正面状态消失、负面状态出现时, 由一方、双方或第三方做出并使关系恢复到积极状态的一系列行为集合。现有研究主要集中在垂直关系补救与个体-组织关系补救方面。垂直关系补救分为挑战、提供、接受、感激四个阶段, 应根据关系违背类型和文化类型权变性地选择补救策略。个体-组织关系补救的潜在机制为信任展示机制和不信任的约束机制, 应根据一致性原则, 进行系统性与动态性的关系补救。未来的研究可以基于嵌入视角提炼工具变量, 并进行跨层次多要素协同整合分析, 推进本土化的实证研究。 相似文献
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本族效应是指个体对本族面孔比异族面孔有更好的再认的现象。本族面孔和异族面孔诱发的N170、P200、N200与“DM”效应存在显著差异, 这些脑电成分与本族效应的编码有关, 即对异族面孔编码不充分是本族效应产生的部分原因; “新旧”效应主要从提取角度解释本族效应, 认为提取异族面孔比本族面孔困难。与本族效应有关的主要脑区有梭状回、扣带回与杏仁核等。此外, 丰富的本族面孔知觉经验也会造成本族面孔的右半球优势比异族面孔大。未来研究除了要继续探讨本族效应的某些脑电成分、关注本族效应消失的神经机制以外, 从整合观点探讨本族效应的神经机制也是未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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Marcela Herdova 《Philosophical Psychology》2017,30(6):731-762
In this paper, I argue for two main hypotheses. First, that (philosophical) self-control is not a natural mental kind and, second, that there is no dedicated mechanism of self-control (indeed, the latter claim forms part of my argument for the former). By the first claim, I simply mean that those behaviors we label as “self-controlled” are a somewhat arbitrarily selected hodgepodge that do not have anything in common that distinguishes them from other behaviors. In other words, self-control is a gerrymandered property that does not correspond to a natural mental or psychological kind. By the second claim, I mean that self-controlled behaviors are not produced by a mechanism (or a set of them) that is not utilized in the production of other (non-self-controlled) behaviors. Not only is there no natural mental property of self-control, there is no mechanism (such as willpower) that is dedicated to producing self-controlled behavior. I further evaluate whether this account of self-control has enough explanatory power to account for a range of phenomena related to self-control (systematic self-control failures, etc.). I argue that my account does a better job of explaining these phenomena than accounts which appeal to a dedicated self-control mechanism. 相似文献
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重复知盲现象自被发现至今已走过四分之一世纪, 这期间重复知盲的产生机制一直是争论的焦点, 并有标记个体化理论、类型节点不应期理论、竞争理论、提取失败理论和建构/归因理论等多种理论解释。大量研究证明, 重复知盲是一种视知觉失败现象, 但也有研究认为它是一种记忆失败现象。很多研究还发现, 重复知盲不仅受到呈现时间和间隔刺激个数的限制, 还受到实验材料的性质、刺激的空间位置及人们的反应方式等多种因素的影响。近些年来, 随着ERP和fMRI等技术的利用, 从更深层次揭示了重复知盲产生的脑机制。同时, 重复知盲也作为一种实验范式应用于视觉加工领域的研究中。目前关于重复知盲仍然有很多问题值得探索。 相似文献
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哲理性概念是音乐表现的对象之一。由于音乐不具有类似语言的语义性, 对哲理性概念的理解常常成为音乐欣赏者的困扰。基于此, 本项目聚焦于听者对哲理性概念的理解。通过选取音乐训练经历不同的人群为被试, 系统考察哲理性概念加工的认知神经机制。本项目成果将揭示音乐诱发哲理性概念加工的神经机制, 厘清音乐训练对音乐外在意义加工的作用, 从而在一定程度上回答人类对音乐意义理解的普遍性问题。 相似文献
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My life is a longing: Child abuse and its adult sequelae Results of the Brody longitudinal study from birth to age 30 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The psychoanalytically oriented Brody longitudinal study has followed the psychological development of 76 individuals from birth to age 30. Ten suffered severe maltreatment in childhood in the form of rejection and/or physical abuse at the hands of one or both parents. This report describes the effects of child abuse on the emerging personalities of the children, as well as on their adult personalities and mental health. Specifi cally, as adults the maltreated children had signifi cantly more psychiatric illness (typically depressions and anxiety disorders), less mature psychological defense mechanisms, more insecure mental representations of attachment to their parents as indicated by the adult attachment interview, and a lower Global Assessment of Functioning than their well-treated counterparts. Additionally, their prevailing moods were joyless. Case examples show the emergence of symptoms, personality disorders, and defenses over time, as well as the workings of ameliorating infl uences. Several of the maltreated children made relatively successful adaptations as adults, indicating children's potential for resilience. Resilience, however, may be a superfi cial concept, for, in this series of cases, seemingly adequate coping in formerly mistreated children always came at the price of emotional vulnerability and compromised potential. 相似文献