Using behavioral economics to optimize safer undergraduate late-night transportation

Many universities sponsor student-oriented transit services that could reduce alcohol-induced risks but only if services adequately anticipate and adapt to student needs. Human choice data offer an optimal foundation for planning and executing late-night transit services. In this simulated choice experiment, respondents opted to either (a) wait an escalating delay for a free university-sponsored “safe” option, (b) pay an escalating fee for an on-demand rideshare service, or (c) pick a free, immediately available “unsafe” option (e.g., ride with an alcohol-impaired driver). Behavioral-economic nonlinear models of averaged-choice data describe preference across arrangements. Best-fit metrics indicate adequate sensitivity to contextual factors (i.e., wait time, preceding late-night activity). At short delays, students preferred the free transit option. As delays extend beyond 30 min, most students preferred competing alternatives. These data depict a policy-relevant delay threshold to better safeguard undergraduate student safety.     

当代大学生创业意识问卷的初步编制

该研究目的在于编制能够反映当代大学生创业意识结构特点的大学生创业意识问卷。文章首先分析了国内外对大学生创业意识的相关研究,在文献分析和开放式问卷的基础上形成大学生创业意识问卷,再经过847名大学生被试评定,对数据进行探索性因素分析显示,大学生创业意识问卷由21个项目组成,包括创业情感意识、创业需要和动机意识、创业价值意识、创业风险意识和创业素质意识等5个因素。对构成量表的项目分析的结果显示问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

大学生职业生涯规划存在的问题及对策

高等教育体制改革的深化和毕业生就业方式的转变,使得职业生涯规划的重要性日益突出。本文从实际出发,提出了当前大学生职业生涯规划存在的问题,并提出了具有可操作性的解决对策和建议。     

Meanings of Education for University Students: Academic Motivation and Personal Values as Predictors

We conducted two studies to determine the meanings that undergraduate students ascribe to their education and how these meanings relate to relevant psychological constructs: academic motivation and values. Ten meanings emerged: career preparation, independence, finding direction for the future, learning, self-development, taking the next step, making social connections, changing the world, stress, and escape. Support was found for many of the predicted relationships. For example, enjoyment motivation positively predicted all of the meanings, except taking the next step, stress, and escape. Also as expected, the values of intellectualism and academic achievement positively predicted learning, self-development, and changing the world. However, contrary to expectations, valuing physical development also emerged as a significant predictor of several of the meanings of education.     

Confronting racism and white privilege in courses on religion and the environment: An inclusive pedagogical approach

Courses on religion and the environment must confront racism and white privilege in order to remain relevant for the diverse students who increasingly fill higher education classrooms. Recognizing that traditional approaches for understanding environmentalism can isolate students of color by failing to recognize their own communities and experiences, I offer two assignments – Ecological Footprint Journals and a community‐based research project – that empower students to think of environmentalism in new, more relevant ways. This approach has benefitted my students by displacing the dominance of Eurocentric thinking in my curriculum and creating a class culture that values diverse perspectives. It has also profoundly shaped my research trajectory, by helping me identify raced and classed biases that are embedded in my field, and leading me to develop a research project that complements my teaching by challenging some of those hidden assumptions.     

职业性别刻板印象研究模型及方法综述

近年来对职业性别刻板印象的探讨成了刻板印象研究领域的新研究方向,职业性别刻板印象成为社会认知领域的新课题。职业性别刻板印象与我们的生活休戚相关,是指人们对职业进行性别划分和性别归类的趋向。目前国内此方面的研究相当有限,采用的实验和调查研究也停留在起步阶段。本文对职业性别刻扳印象研究的模型及方法进行综述。     

PREPARING TOMORROW'S BEHAVIOR‐ANALYTIC RESEARCHERS: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS IN APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BY JON BAILEY AND MARY BURCH

Although there are many books about behavioral research methods, there are very few guidebooks. This review describes a book by Jon S. Bailey and Mary R. Burch that has been written specifically as a guide for the new researcher. Replete with helpful tips on navigating the research process, the book is organized into 10 sequential research steps that guide the reader through each phase of conceptualizing, conducting, and analyzing an applied study. Although not as detailed as other texts with regard to the specifics of methodology, this book is reader‐friendly and accessible to both undergraduates and graduate students who are beginning the process of becoming applied behavior‐analytic researchers.     

大学生网络行为的元认知研究

本研究分析了大学生网络行为元认知的特点．从元认知的角度揭示网络成瘾行为的心理机制。通过探索性因素分析,表明大学生网络行为的元认知水平包含有七个因素,并且其总水平与网络成瘾有显着的相关。     

朋友支持与大学生幸福感：自我效能感的中介与社会比较倾向的调节

为探讨朋友支持与幸福感的关系,并重点关注自我效能感和社会比较倾向在其中所起的作用,该研究采用总体幸福感量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会比较观念量表和朋友支持评价量表对776位大学生进行施测。结果表明：（1）朋友支持正向预测大学生幸福感;自我效能感在两者间起中介作用;（2）社会比较倾向调节了社会支持→自我效能感→幸福感的后半段,即相对于高社会比较倾向的大学生而言,自我效能感对低社会比较倾向大学生的幸福感促进作用更强。该结果揭示了朋友支持影响大学生幸福感的内在机制：朋友支持和大学生幸福感之间是有调节的中介关系,朋友支持通过自我效能感影响幸福感,社会支持对间接效应起调节作用。