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551.
We investigated the influence of self-reported parental romantic attachment status and rearing behaviors on children’s self-reported
attachment (in)security towards father and mother in a sample of 237 non-clinical children aged 9–12. All children and their
parents completed a single-item measure of attachment style. The parents further completed an index of their authoritative,
authoritarian, and permissive rearing behaviors. Results showed that the attachment status of the father was significantly
related to the child’s attachment style to the father. Further, children who portray themselves as insecurely attached to
their fathers have fathers with lower average authoritative scores compared to children who are securely attached to their
fathers. In examining the relative contribution of attachment style and rearing behaviors of the parents, insecure attachment
status of the father was still significantly related to insecure attachment style of the child but the effect of authoritative
rearing behaviors of the father on attachment (in)security of children was not statistically significant anymore. Altogether,
these results support the notion that attachment status of the father was most substantially associated with self-reported
insecure attachment of children. 相似文献
552.
为研究慢性温和应激诱导的抑郁大鼠纹状体内前列腺凋亡反应蛋白(prostate apoptosis response-4, par-4)的表达, 及甲基化是否参与par-4基因表达的调控, 将10周龄大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组, 实验组接受慢性温和应激, 对照组不接受实验性处理。于大鼠13周龄时, 采用强迫游泳、糖水偏爱测验测定大鼠的抑郁水平, 以实时定量PCR检测纹状体par-4及多巴胺D2受体(Dopamine receptor D2, DRD2) mRNA表达水平, 免疫印迹法检测纹状体par-4蛋白质表达水平, 用亚硫酸盐测序法检测par-4基因启动子区甲基化水平。结果发现, 与对照组大鼠相比, 实验组大鼠漂浮时间延长, 糖水偏爱率降低, 脑纹状体par-4、DRD2 mRNA及par-4蛋白质表达水平均降低, par-4基因启动子区甲基化水平两组差异不显著。提示慢性温和应激诱导大鼠产生了抑郁样行为, 并能抑制纹状体par-4基因的表达, 而基因甲基化可能并不参与其调控机制。 相似文献
553.
554.
Researchers have developed precursor functional analyses to provide an alternative, and presumably safer, format for functional analysis of severe problem behavior. When researchers use functional analysis contingencies for precursor behaviors, it is possible to infer functional characteristics about severe problem behaviors based on patterns of less severe precursor behaviors, permitting practitioners to complete the assessment with less risk to clients, practitioners, or others. The current paper discusses recent advances in the development and validation of precursor identification, and offers suggestions and future directions for investigating and implementing precursor functional analyses. We propose a decision‐making model, in which practitioners integrate procedures to identify precursors into the functional‐analysis process, to expedite the analysis of severe problem behaviors. 相似文献
555.
Moral identity has been identified as a consistent predictor of prosocial behavior, but the specific relationship and predictive strength of its two dimensions, internalization (“having”) and symbolization (“doing”), are less clear. The current article explores this through two self-report studies. In study 1 (N = 228) a series of hierarchical regression analyses showed that, for three out of four domains of prosocial behavior, symbolization was the only significant predictor, and that its strength differed across outcomes. Building on these results, Study 2 (N = 299) proposed that the observed vs. anonymous nature of prosocial behavior could account for these differences. Unexpectedly, symbolization predicted both public and private behaviors, whereas internalization generally did not. Significant interactions between internalization and symbolization were also observed. These findings are discussed in relation to their theoretical implications and future moral identity research. 相似文献
556.
Mauro Giacomantonio Marco Salvati Francesco Mancini 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(6):1279-1287
Literature suggests that checking behaviors are aimed at reducing feelings of uncertainty both in clinical samples with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and in general population. Previous studies also showed that deontological guilt is an emotion often associated with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in checking behaviors in the condition of high versus low uncertainty, by exploring the moderating role of deontological versus altruistic guilt. Participants were 108 undergraduate Italian university students who took part in a visual search task designed to elicit checking behavior. Ahead of the visual task, participants were administered one scenario in order to manipulate either deontological or altruistic guilt. The results showed that in the condition of uncertainty, compared with the condition of certainty, participants spent more time in checking behaviors and that such a difference was more consistent when participants experienced deontological rather than altruistic guilt. Limitations and further directions are discussed. 相似文献
557.
Sarah E. Hampson 《Current directions in psychological science》2008,17(4):264-268
ABSTRACT— Children's personality traits have enduring effects that shape adult well-being. In particular, childhood conscientiousness influences core aspects of adult well-being: health, friendships, and mastery. Research is now examining the mechanisms by which early personality traits initiate and sustain particular life paths. These include mediating and moderating mechanisms that may operate during critical developmental periods or may build cumulatively over time. Future research would benefit from testing theoretically derived mechanisms for different traits and examining variables as they change over time, using both short- and long-term longitudinal designs over different life stages. 相似文献
558.
We examined coping with risky behaviors (cigarettes, alcohol/drugs, yelling/ hitting, and anger), familism (family proximity
and parental closeness) and parental monitoring (knowledge and discipline) in a sample of 56 adolescents (11–15 years old)
predominantly of Mexican descent at two time points. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that more time spent with
family (proximity) at Time 1 significantly predicts higher parental monitoring at Time two. Coping with more risky behaviors
at Time 1 was significantly associated with less parental monitoring at Time 2. More parental closeness Time 1, more parental
monitoring Time 1, and more parental monitoring Time 2 were associated with less coping with risky behaviors at Time 2. The
cultural value of familism, particularly spending time with family in positive activities, appears to increase parental monitoring
which may lead to less coping with risky behaviors among Mexican descent adolescents. Future studies may investigate gendered
mechanisms for how extended family may increase not only parental knowledge of youth activities, but also youth perception
of supervision. 相似文献
559.
Research has consistently shown a link between alcohol use and partner violence (PV). Little is known concerning the strength of this association across cultures and genders, and few have assessed possible mediators. This study assesses the link between binge drinking and PV among 7,921 college students in 38 sites around the world, and investigates the mediating role of antisocial traits and behaviors (ASTB). A significant association was found between binge drinking and PV, the strength of which differed by site but not by gender. ASTB fully mediated this association. The mean level of binge drinking at each site did not significantly influence the strength of the association between binge drinking and PV. 相似文献
560.
Preterm infants residing in an NICU were randomly assigned to a massage therapy or to a control group. The preterm infants in the massage therapy group received three 15-min massages each day for 5 consecutive days, with the massages consisting of moderate pressure stroking to the head, shoulders, back, arms and legs and kinesthetic exercises consisting of flexion and extension of the limbs. Infant stress behaviors and activity were recorded on the first and last day of the study. Preterm infants receiving massage therapy showed fewer stress behaviors and less activity from the first to the last day of the study. The findings suggest that massage has pacifying or stress reducing effects on preterm infants, which is noteworthy given that they experience numerous stressors during their hospitalization. 相似文献